使用Selenium WebDriver填充表单时出现AttributeError报错求助

问题 #

我用Selenium 4.7.2写了一段登录LinkedIn的代码，用来追踪求职信息，同时维持技能水平。完整代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
#from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

#driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromeService(ChromeDriverManager().install()))

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

# Set up the webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()

# Navigate to the login page
driver.get('https://www.linkedin.com/uas/login')

# Enter your login credentials
driver.find_element_by_id('username').send_keys('elksie@gmail.com')
driver.find_element_by_id('password').send_keys('g')
# Click the "Sign in" button
driver.find_element_by_css_selector('button[type="submit"]').click()

# Wait for the page to load
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'jobs-search-box')))

# Navigate to the job search page
driver.get('https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/search/?currentJobId=3424225432&keywords=data%20analyst&refresh=true')

# Wait for the page to load
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'job-card-container')))

# Extract the job data
job_cards = driver.find_elements_by_class_name('job-card-container')
for job_card in job_cards:
    title = job_card.find_element_by_class_name('job-card-container__title').text
    company = job_card.find_element_by_class_name('job-card-container__subtitle').text
    location = job_card.find_element_by_class_name('job-card-container__bullet').text

    print(title, company, location)

# Close the browser
driver.close()

执行登录相关代码时：

driver.find_element_by_id('username').send_keys('elksie@gmail.com')
driver.find_element_by_id('password').send_keys('g')

触发错误：

AttributeError: 'WebDriver' object has no attribute 'find_element_by_id'

解决方案 #

错误原因 #

Selenium 4.x 已经彻底弃用了find_element_by_id、find_element_by_class_name这类旧版元素定位API，统一要求使用find_element()配合By枚举类的方式来定位元素。你的代码里虽然导入了By，但还是用了旧方法，所以抛出属性不存在的错误。

修改方法 #

把所有旧的定位方法替换成Selenium 4.x的标准写法：

• find_element_by_id("xxx") → find_element(By.ID, "xxx")
• find_element_by_class_name("xxx") → find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "xxx")
• find_element_by_css_selector("xxx") → find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "xxx")
• 批量元素定位同理，find_elements_by_xxx改成find_elements(By.XXX, "xxx")

修改后的完整代码 #

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
# 可选：自动管理ChromeDriver版本
# from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

# 初始化浏览器，如果用webdriver-manager就注释下面一行，用注释的那行
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromeService(ChromeDriverManager().install()))

# 打开登录页
driver.get('https://www.linkedin.com/uas/login')

# 输入账号密码
driver.find_element(By.ID, 'username').send_keys('elksie@gmail.com')
driver.find_element(By.ID, 'password').send_keys('g')
# 点击登录按钮
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'button[type="submit"]').click()

# 等待首页加载完成
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'jobs-search-box')))

# 跳转到职位搜索页
driver.get('https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/search/?currentJobId=3424225432&keywords=data%20analyst&refresh=true')

# 等待职位卡片加载
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'job-card-container')))

# 提取职位信息
job_cards = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, 'job-card-container')
for job_card in job_cards:
    title = job_card.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, 'job-card-container__title').text
    company = job_card.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, 'job-card-container__subtitle').text
    location = job_card.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, 'job-card-container__bullet').text

    print(title, company, location)

# 关闭浏览器
driver.close()

额外提示 #

• 代码里重复导入了webdriver和Service，已经帮你精简掉了
• 推荐启用webdriver-manager，它会自动下载匹配当前Chrome版本的驱动，避免手动维护驱动版本的麻烦

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者elksie5000