如何在同一Ubuntu服务器部署多学生Flask应用，实现用户名路径访问？

Server Pre-Configuration (Professor completes once) #

1. Install Required Software

   • Install Nginx and Python tools via apt:

     sudo apt update && sudo apt install nginx python3-venv python3-pip
     

2. Set Up Central Student Directory

   • Create a shared directory for all student apps and set permissions:

     sudo mkdir -p /var/www/students
     sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/students
     sudo chmod 775 /var/www/students
     

   • For each student, create their personal subdirectory (or let students create it with your oversight):

     sudo mkdir /var/www/students/<student-username>
     sudo chown <student-username>:www-data /var/www/students/<student-username>
     sudo chmod 750 /var/www/students/<student-username>
     

3. Configure Nginx Reverse Proxy

   • Edit the default Nginx server block (e.g., /etc/nginx/sites-available/default) with this configuration:

     server {
         listen 80;
         server_name myserver.com;
     
         location ~ ^/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+) {
             set $student $1;
             set $socket_path /var/www/students/$student/app.sock;
     
             # Return 404 if the student's app socket doesn't exist
             if (!-f $socket_path) {
                 return 404;
             }
     
             # Proxy requests to the student's Unix socket
             proxy_pass http://unix:$socket_path;
             proxy_set_header Host $host;
             proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
             proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
             proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
             # Pass subpath info to Flask
             proxy_set_header SCRIPT_NAME /$student;
         }
     }
     

   • Validate the config and reload Nginx:

     sudo nginx -t
     sudo systemctl reload nginx
     

Student-Specific Setup (Each student completes independently) #

1. Upload Flask App

   • SSH into the server and navigate to your assigned directory:

     cd /var/www/students/<your-username>
     

   • Upload your Flask app files (use git clone, scp, or other file transfer tools).

2. Set Up Virtual Environment

   • Create and activate a Python virtual environment:

     python3 -m venv venv
     source venv/bin/activate
     

   • Install Flask and Gunicorn:

     pip install flask gunicorn
     

3. Launch the App

   • Start your app using Gunicorn, binding to a Unix socket with proper permissions:

     gunicorn --workers=2 --bind=unix:./app.sock --daemon --umask=002 app:app
     

     • Replace app:app with your app's entry point (e.g., main:app if your file is named main.py).
     • The --umask=002 flag ensures Nginx can access the socket file.

4. Verify Access

   • Visit http://myserver.com/<your-username> to confirm your app loads correctly.

Key Notes for Students #

• Use Flask's url_for helper in templates to handle static files (CSS/JS) and routes—this automatically accounts for the subpath.
• To stop your app, find the Gunicorn process ID and terminate it:

  ps aux | grep gunicorn
  kill <process-id>
  

• For persistent runs (after server restarts), you can create a custom systemd service file (ask the professor for guidance if needed).

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Erel Segal-Halevi