Django单元测试报错：'AnonymousUser'对象无'is_merchant'属性

我编写了如下Django单元测试代码：

class CampaignModelTests(TestCase):

    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/topics/testing/advanced/

    def setUp(self):
        # create some test campaigns
        shop = Shop.objects.create(name='Test Shop')
        self.factory = RequestFactory()
        self.user = User.objects.create(shop_username='testuser', shop=shop)
        self.merchant = User.objects.create(username='merchant', password='merchant123', is_merchant=True, shop=shop)
        self.campaign = Campaign.objects.create(name='Test Campaign', shop=shop)

    def test_campaign_creation(self):
        request = self.factory.get(reverse('create-campaign'), {
            'name': 'Test Campaign -1',
            'shop': Shop(name='Test Shop').sid
        })
        request.user = self.merchant
        print('request.user: ', request.user.is_merchant)
        response = CampaignCreate.as_view()(request)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

运行时出现如下错误：

return request.user.is_merchant or request.user.is_superuser
AttributeError: 'AnonymousUser' object has no attribute 'is_merchant'

我还尝试使用self.client进行测试，代码如下，但仍出现相同错误：

self.client.force_login(self.merchant)

# send a request to the view
response = self.client.post(reverse('create-campaign'), {
     'name': 'Test Campaign -1',
     'shop': Shop(name='Test Shop').sid
})
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

核心问题是自定义User模型的is_merchant字段未被认证系统正确识别，导致视图中访问request.user.is_merchant时，实际拿到的是未关联自定义属性的AnonymousUser对象。以下是具体修复步骤：

• 确认自定义User模型配置
  检查settings.py中是否正确指定了自定义用户模型，确保指向包含is_merchant字段的User模型：

  AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'your_app_name.User'
  

• 修复用户创建逻辑
  创建self.merchant时，不能直接明文存储密码，需用set_password生成哈希密码：

  # 修改setUp中的merchant创建代码
  self.merchant = User.objects.create(username='merchant', is_merchant=True, shop=shop)
  self.merchant.set_password('merchant123')
  self.merchant.save()
  

  同时将setUp中的shop赋值给self.shop，避免后续使用未保存的Shop实例：

  self.shop = Shop.objects.create(name='Test Shop')
  

• RequestFactory测试修复
  直接赋值request.user无法触发完整认证流程，需手动添加会话和认证中间件处理，且使用已保存的self.shop.sid：

  from django.contrib.auth.middleware import AuthenticationMiddleware
  from django.contrib.sessions.middleware import SessionMiddleware
  
  def test_campaign_creation(self):
      request = self.factory.get(reverse('create-campaign'), {
          'name': 'Test Campaign -1',
          'shop': self.shop.sid
      })
      # 添加会话中间件
      session_middleware = SessionMiddleware(lambda req: None)
      session_middleware.process_request(request)
      request.session.save()
      # 添加认证中间件
      auth_middleware = AuthenticationMiddleware(lambda req: None)
      auth_middleware.process_request(request)
      # 绑定用户
      request.user = self.merchant
      response = CampaignCreate.as_view()(request)
      self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
  

• Client测试修复
  确保请求参数使用已保存的self.shop.sid：

  def test_campaign_creation_with_client(self):
      self.client.force_login(self.merchant)
      response = self.client.post(reverse('create-campaign'), {
           'name': 'Test Campaign -1',
           'shop': self.shop.sid
      })
      self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
  

• 视图权限校验优化
  在视图中先判断用户是否认证，再访问自定义属性，避免报错：

  # 视图中的权限校验逻辑
  if request.user.is_authenticated:
      if request.user.is_merchant or request.user.is_superuser:
          # 业务逻辑处理
      else:
          # 无权限处理
  else:
      # 未认证用户处理
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者snake_case