如何将JSON字典值复制到含唯一键的其他JSON文件中？

问题场景 #

我有一个结构如下的JSON文件，键为数字字符串，值是文件路径：

{ "1": "Filepath/image.png",
"2": "Filepath/image.png"
... }

另外有3个以唯一RFID标签编号作为键的JSON文件，需要将第一个JSON的值按顺序复制，覆盖这3个文件对应键的值。我已将每个目标文件对应的键分别存入3个列表，但运行脚本后提示键不匹配，脚本代码如下：

import json
import os
import glob
import time

# Get a list of all the files in the folder
files = glob.glob("json/*")

# Sort the list of files by modification time
files.sort(key=lambda x: os.path.getmtime(x))

# Get the filepath of the newest file
newest_file = files[-1]

print(newest_file)

# Open the newest file and read its contents
with open(newest_file, 'r') as f:
    data = json.load(f)

# List of keys to use for each file
keys_1 = ["13603414011682", "1360739520482", "136010319878103", "136073122213110", "136034217194177", "1360352372244",
 "1360739715155", "136072188183203", "136034163207198", "1360738615152", "1201261612531", "136034225204135", "136034230076"]
keys_2 = ["136073152053", "136034158129181", "13603412514289", "1360345793206", "136034148129191", "136010459115168", "136034145143180", "1360739170220", "1360351355527", "13603410960251","1360355159163", "13601049817949", "13603422660116"]
keys_3 = ["136075353245", "1360743335192", "13601043613070", "1360738365211", "136073133188248", "136034184248234", "13603571150122", "1360341385624", "136074741236", "136074211164181", "111", "222", "333"]

# Create the first file
subset_1 = {}
for i, key in enumerate(keys_1):
    subset_1[key] = data.get(key, f'Key not found at index {i}')

with open('json/charlie.json', 'w') as f:
    json.dump(subset_1, f)

# Create the second file
subset_2 = {}
for i, key in enumerate(keys_2):
    subset_2[key] = data.get(key, f'Key not found at index {i}')

with open('json/hagrid.json', 'w') as f:
    json.dump(subset_2, f)

# Create the third file
subset_3 = {}
for i, key in enumerate(keys_3):
    subset_3[key] = data.get(key, f'Key not found at index {i}')

with open('json/junior.json', 'w') as f:
    json.dump(subset_3, f)

问题原因 #

脚本中使用data.get(key)尝试按键名匹配取值，但源JSON的键是"1""2"这类序号字符串，而目标列表里的是RFID编号，两者键名完全不匹配，自然无法找到对应值，导致出现"Key not found"的提示。

解决方案 #

正确思路是按顺序将源JSON的值对应到目标键列表的键上，而不是按键名匹配。修改后的代码如下：

import json
import os
import glob

# 获取文件夹下所有文件
files = glob.glob("json/*")
# 按修改时间排序，取最新的源文件
files.sort(key=lambda x: os.path.getmtime(x))
newest_file = files[-1]
print(newest_file)

# 读取源文件并提取值的列表（Python3.7+字典保持插入顺序）
with open(newest_file, 'r') as f:
    data = json.load(f)
source_values = list(data.values())

# 目标RFID键列表
keys_1 = ["13603414011682", "1360739520482", "136010319878103", "136073122213110", "136034217194177", "1360352372244",
 "1360739715155", "136072188183203", "136034163207198", "1360738615152", "1201261612531", "136034225204135", "136034230076"]
keys_2 = ["136073152053", "136034158129181", "13603412514289", "1360345793206", "136034148129191", "136010459115168", "136034145143180", "1360739170220", "1360351355527", "13603410960251","1360355159163", "13601049817949", "13603422660116"]
keys_3 = ["136075353245", "1360743335192", "13601043613070", "1360738365211", "136073133188248", "136034184248234", "13603571150122", "1360341385624", "136074741236", "136074211164181", "111", "222", "333"]

# 生成第一个目标文件
subset_1 = {}
for idx, key in enumerate(keys_1):
    # 避免源值数量不足时索引越界
    subset_1[key] = source_values[idx] if idx < len(source_values) else f'无对应值（索引：{idx}）'

with open('json/charlie.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    json.dump(subset_1, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)

# 生成第二个目标文件
subset_2 = {}
for idx, key in enumerate(keys_2):
    subset_2[key] = source_values[idx] if idx < len(source_values) else f'无对应值（索引：{idx}）'

with open('json/hagrid.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    json.dump(subset_2, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)

# 生成第三个目标文件
subset_3 = {}
for idx, key in enumerate(keys_3):
    subset_3[key] = source_values[idx] if idx < len(source_values) else f'无对应值（索引：{idx}）'

with open('json/junior.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    json.dump(subset_3, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)

关键修改点 #

1. 提取值列表：将源JSON的values()转为列表，确保按顺序获取每个文件路径（Python3.7及以上版本的字典会保留插入顺序）
2. 按索引匹配：循环目标键列表时，通过索引idx从值列表中取对应位置的内容，而非按键名匹配
3. 边界处理：增加索引越界判断，防止源值数量不足时抛出异常
4. 优化输出：添加indent=2格式化JSON，指定编码避免中文乱码

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user3568395