macOS Ventura中AppleScript无法触发语音控制开关的问题

尝试用AppleScript在macOS Ventura中触发语音控制启用开关，脚本能正常打开语音控制设置页面，但始终无法点击开关，当前通过PyCharm的Python applescript模块运行脚本，原脚本如下：

do shell script "open -b com.apple.systempreferences " & ¬
        "/System/Library/PreferencePanes/UniversalAccessPref.prefPane"

    tell application "System Events"
        tell its application process "System Settings"
            repeat until UI element 4 of group 1 of scroll area 1 of group 1 of ¬
                group 2 of splitter group 1 of group 1 of window "Accessibility" exists
                delay 0.1
        end repeat
        click UI element 1 of group 3 of scroll area 1 of group 1 of group 2 ¬
                of splitter group 1 of group 1 of window "Accessibility"
        repeat until checkbox 3 of group 2 of scroll area 1 of group 1 of group ¬
            2 of splitter group 1 of group 1 of window "Voice Control" exists
            delay 0.1
        end repeat
        click button 5 of group 1 of scroll area 1 of window "Voice Control"
        end tell
    end tell

    tell application "System Settings" to quit

问题原因 #

1. UI元素索引不稳定：macOS Ventura改用System Settings替代旧版System Preferences，界面结构动态性更强，依赖固定索引（如UI element 4、button 5）定位控件极易失效，索引会随界面布局、系统更新变化。
2. 权限不足：System Events或运行脚本的PyCharm未获得辅助功能权限，导致无法模拟点击操作。

解决步骤 #

1. 配置辅助功能权限 #

• 打开「系统设置」→「隐私与安全性」→「辅助功能」
• 检查并勾选System Events和PyCharm（或运行脚本的Python环境）

2. 使用控件属性定位的修改版脚本 #

改用控件的name属性定位，稳定性更强，修改后的脚本如下：

-- 直接打开辅助功能设置面板
do shell script "open x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.Accessibility-Settings.extension"

tell application "System Events"
    tell application process "System Settings"
        -- 等待辅助功能页面加载，定位「语音控制」选项
        repeat until exists row "Voice Control" of table 1 of scroll area 1 of group 1 of splitter group 1 of group 1 of window "Accessibility"
            delay 0.2
        end repeat
        click row "Voice Control" of table 1 of scroll area 1 of group 1 of splitter group 1 of group 1 of window "Accessibility"
        
        -- 等待语音控制页面加载，定位启用开关
        repeat until exists checkbox "Enable Voice Control" of group 2 of scroll area 1 of group 1 of group 2 of splitter group 1 of group 1 of window "Voice Control"
            delay 0.2
        end repeat
        click checkbox "Enable Voice Control" of group 2 of scroll area 1 of group 1 of group 2 of splitter group 1 of group 1 of window "Voice Control"
    end tell
end tell

-- 退出系统设置
quit application "System Settings"

3. 额外优化提示 #

• 如果仍无法点击，可适当增加delay时长，确保页面完全加载
• 运行脚本时避免操作鼠标/键盘，防止干扰UI自动化操作

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者BackTo2020