Spring Boot+Hibernate无法在MySQL8中自动创建数据表求助

问题背景 #

编写Spring Boot程序，配置Hibernate自动在MySQL8创建数据表，Tomcat启动正常但未生成数据表。以下是相关代码、配置及日志：

启动类代码 #

package com.**************.spring.data.jpa.tutorial;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringDataJpaTutorialApplication {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(SpringDataJpaTutorialApplication.class, args);
   }

}

Student实体类 #

package com.*************.spring.data.jpa.tutorial.entity;


import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Builder
public class Student {

    @Id
    private long studentId;
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
    private String emailId;
    private String guardianName;
    private String guardianEmail;
    private String guardianMobile;

}

application.properties配置 #

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/schooldb
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=Maserati@217
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect
spring.jpa.show-sql=true

pom.xml依赖 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.1</version>
      <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>
   <groupId>com.dailycodebuffer</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-data-jpa-tutorial</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>spring-data-jpa-tutorial</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
   <properties>
      <java.version>17</java.version>
   </properties>
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
         <artifactId>javax.persistence-api</artifactId>
         <version>2.2</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
         <artifactId>javax.annotation-api</artifactId>
         <version>1.3.2</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
         <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
         <version>8.0.31</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
         <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
         <optional>true</optional>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>

   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
               <excludes>
                  <exclude>
                     <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                     <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                  </exclude>
               </excludes>
            </configuration>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>

</project>

启动日志 #

2023-01-03T21:27:53.215+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] s.d.j.t.SpringDataJpaTutorialApplication : Starting SpringDataJpaTutorialApplication using Java 18 with PID 27612 (C:\Users\I322706\Downloads\spring-data-jpa-tutorial\target\classes started by I322706 in C:\Users\I322706\Downloads\spring-data-jpa-tutorial)
2023-01-03T21:27:53.218+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] s.d.j.t.SpringDataJpaTutorialApplication : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2023-01-03T21:27:54.077+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data JPA repositories in DEFAULT mode.
2023-01-03T21:27:54.115+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 17 ms. Found 0 JPA repository interfaces.
2023-01-03T21:27:54.872+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2023-01-03T21:27:54.887+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2023-01-03T21:27:54.887+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine    : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.1.4]
2023-01-03T21:27:55.065+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2023-01-03T21:27:55.074+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1771 ms
2023-01-03T21:27:55.328+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper  : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: default]
2023-01-03T21:27:55.393+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] org.hibernate.Version                    : HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 6.1.6.Final
2023-01-03T21:27:55.566+05:30  WARN 27612 --- [           main] org.hibernate.orm.deprecation            : HHH90000021: Encountered deprecated setting [javax.persistence.sharedCache.mode], use [jakarta.persistence.sharedCache.mode] instead
2023-01-03T21:27:55.692+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2023-01-03T21:27:56.010+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool        : HikariPool-1 - Added connection com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@24a4e2c5
2023-01-03T21:27:56.010+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
2023-01-03T21:27:56.026+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] SQL dialect                              : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect
2023-01-03T21:27:56.026+05:30  WARN 27612 --- [           main] org.hibernate.orm.deprecation            : HHH90000026: MySQL8Dialect has been deprecated; use org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect instead
2023-01-03T21:27:56.490+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] o.h.e.t.j.p.i.JtaPlatformInitiator       : HHH000490: Using JtaPlatform implementation: [org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.NoJtaPlatform]
2023-01-03T21:27:56.525+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-01-03T21:27:56.648+05:30  WARN 27612 --- [           main] JpaBaseConfiguration$JpaWebConfiguration : spring.jpa.open-in-view is enabled by default. Therefore, database queries may be performed during view rendering. Explicitly configure spring.jpa.open-in-view to disable this warning
2023-01-03T21:27:57.267+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2023-01-03T21:27:57.282+05:30  INFO 27612 --- [           main] s.d.j.t.SpringDataJpaTutorialApplication : Started SpringDataJpaTutorialApplication in 4.671 seconds (process running for 5.328)

排查与解决步骤 #

1. 核心问题：Spring Boot 3.x与javax.persistence依赖不兼容 #

Spring Boot 3.0.1基于Jakarta EE 9，所有javax.*包已替换为jakarta.*。当前实体类及pom.xml仍使用javax.persistence相关依赖，导致Hibernate无法识别实体类，跳过建表操作。

修复操作：

• 替换实体类导入：将javax.persistence.Entity和javax.persistence.Id改为jakarta.persistence.Entity和jakarta.persistence.Id
  修改后的Student实体类：

  package com.*************.spring.data.jpa.tutorial.entity;
  
  import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
  import lombok.Builder;
  import lombok.Data;
  import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
  
  import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
  import jakarta.persistence.Id;
  
  @Entity
  @Data
  @AllArgsConstructor
  @NoArgsConstructor
  @Builder
  public class Student {
  
      @Id
      private long studentId;
      private String firstName;
      private String lastName;
      private String emailId;
      private String guardianName;
      private String guardianEmail;
      private String guardianMobile;
  
  }
  

• 移除pom.xml中的javax依赖：删除javax.persistence-api和javax.annotation-api，spring-boot-starter-data-jpa已包含Jakarta EE对应依赖。

2. 添加JpaRepository接口 #

日志显示Found 0 JPA repository interfaces，虽然不是强制建表条件，但创建Repository接口可让Spring更主动地触发实体扫描：

package com.*************.spring.data.jpa.tutorial.repository;

import com.*************.spring.data.jpa.tutorial.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Long> {
}

3. 调整Hibernate方言配置 #

日志提示MySQL8Dialect已废弃，修改application.properties：

spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect

4. 验证数据库权限 #

确认root用户拥有在schooldb数据库中创建表的权限，可手动执行CREATE TABLE语句测试。

5. 确保实体类被扫描 #

启动类的@SpringBootApplication默认扫描当前包及其子包，当前包结构已符合要求。若后续调整包结构，可添加@EntityScan("com.xxx.entity")指定扫描路径。

验证效果 #

重启程序后，查看日志是否出现Hibernate: create table student (...)的SQL语句，同时检查MySQL的schooldb数据库是否生成student表。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Manish Verma