MacOS Ventura下Gatsby项目npm安装sharp libvips报错求助

环境与问题详情 #

• 系统：MacOS Ventura
• 声明Node版本：18.9（实际运行版本为19.4.0，存在版本冲突）
• 项目依赖：
  • gatsby-plugin-sharp: ^2.3.5
  • gatsby-transformer-sharp: ^2.3.7
  • 指定sharp版本：0.31.1
• 执行命令：

  sh -c (node install/libvips && node install/dll-copy && prebuild-install) || (node-gyp rebuild && node install/dll-copy)
  

• 已尝试操作：删除tar.br缓存文件、通过HomeBrew安装vips、npm/yarn安装sharp（npm失败，yarn调试后可运行）
• 核心错误日志：

  npm ERR! code 1
  npm ERR! path /Users/seanshe/Desktop/bdab_website/node_modules/gatsby-transformer-sharp/node_modules/sharp
  npm ERR! command failed
  npm ERR! command sh -c (node install/libvips && node install/dll-copy && prebuild-install) || (node-gyp rebuild && node install/dll-copy)
  npm ERR! CC(target) Release/obj.target/nothing/../node-addon-api/nothing.o
  npm ERR!   LIBTOOL-STATIC Release/nothing.a
  npm ERR!   TOUCH Release/obj.target/libvips-cpp.stamp
  npm ERR!   CXX(target) Release/obj.target/sharp/src/common.o
  npm ERR! info sharp Downloading https://github.com/lovell/sharp-libvips/releases/download/v8.10.5/libvips-8.10.5-darwin-arm64v8.tar.br
  npm ERR! ERR! sharp Prebuilt libvips 8.10.5 binaries are not yet available for darwin-arm64v8
  npm ERR! info sharp Attempting to build from source via node-gyp but this may fail due to the above error
  npm ERR! info sharp Please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install for required dependencies
  npm ERR! gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
  npm ERR! gyp info using node-gyp@9.3.0
  npm ERR! gyp info using node@19.4.0 | darwin | arm64
  npm ERR! gyp info find Python using Python version 3.10.9 found at "/opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python3.10"
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python3.10
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args [
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/gyp/gyp_main.py',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   'binding.gyp',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-f',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   'make',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-I',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/Users/seanshe/Desktop/bdab_website/node_modules/gatsby-transformer-sharp/node_modules/sharp/build/config.gypi',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-I',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/addon.gypi',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-I',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/Users/seanshe/Library/Caches/node-gyp/19.4.0/include/node/common.gypi',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dlibrary=shared_library',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dvisibility=default',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_root_dir=/Users/seanshe/Library/Caches/node-gyp/19.4.0',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_gyp_dir=/opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_lib_file=/Users/seanshe/Library/Caches/node-gyp/19.4.0/<(target_arch)/node.lib',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dmodule_root_dir=/Users/seanshe/Desktop/bdab_website/node_modules/gatsby-transformer-sharp/node_modules/sharp',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_engine=v8',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '--depth=.',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '--no-parallel',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '--generator-output',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   'build',
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Goutput_dir=.'
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args ]
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn make
  npm ERR! gyp info spawn args [ 'BUILDTYPE=Release', '-C', 'build' ]
  npm ERR! warning: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/libtool: archive library: Release/nothing.a the table of contents is empty (no object file members in the library define global symbols)
  npm ERR! ../src/common.cc:24:10: fatal error: 'vips/vips8' file not found
  npm ERR! #include <vips/vips8>
  npm ERR!          ^~~~~~~~~~~~
  npm ERR! 1 error generated.
  npm ERR! make: *** [Release/obj.target/sharp/src/common.o] Error 1
  npm ERR! gyp ERR! build error 
  npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack Error: `make` failed with exit code: 2
  npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.onExit (/opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/lib/build.js:203:23)
  npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.emit (node:events:513:28)
  npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess._handle.onexit (node:internal/child_process:293:12)
  npm ERR! gyp ERR! System Darwin 22.2.0
  npm ERR! gyp ERR! command "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/node/19.4.0/bin/node" "/opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js" "rebuild"
  npm ERR! gyp ERR! cwd /Users/seanshe/Desktop/bdab_website/node_modules/gatsby-transformer-sharp/node_modules/sharp
  npm ERR! gyp ERR! node -v v19.4.0
  npm ERR! gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v9.3.0
  npm ERR! gyp ERR! not ok
  
  npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
  npm ERR!     /Users/seanshe/.npm/_logs/2023-01-11T05_40_20_443Z-debug-0.log
  

解决步骤 #

1. 修复Node版本冲突 #

日志显示实际运行Node为19.4.0，与声明的18.9不一致，先统一版本：

• 用nvm切换到指定版本：nvm use 18.9
• 清除npm缓存：npm cache clean --force

2. 升级Gatsby sharp依赖（推荐） #

当前gatsby-plugin-sharp和gatsby-transformer-sharp为v2.x，版本过旧，不支持arm64架构和新版本sharp：

• 修改package.json中的依赖：

  "gatsby-plugin-sharp": "^4.25.0",
  "gatsby-transformer-sharp": "^4.25.0"
  

• 删除旧依赖文件：rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json
• 重新安装：npm install

3. 手动指定libvips路径（若升级后仍报错） #

确保HomeBrew安装的vips被node-gyp识别：

• 重新安装vips：brew reinstall vips
• 设置环境变量：

  export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/vips/lib/pkgconfig"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/vips/include"
  export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/vips/lib"
  

• 再次执行npm install

4. 降级sharp适配老Gatsby（不推荐，仅保留老版本时用） #

若必须使用Gatsby v2.x，需降级sharp到兼容libvips 8.10.5的版本：

• 在package.json中添加：

  "sharp": "^0.29.3"
  

• 执行npm install强制使用该版本

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Rebecca