Spring Boot多模块项目数据源配置失败：未指定url且无嵌入式数据源

开发Spring Boot多模块应用时，根目录配置MySQL数据源及Hikari连接池参数后，启动仍报错：Failed to configure a DataSource: 'url' attribute is not specified and no embedded datasource could be configured，原因是无法确定合适的驱动类。以下是相关信息及解决方案：

初始根目录application.properties配置 #

spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.username = root
spring.datasource.password =

spring.jpa.show-sql = true

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = update

spring.jpa.hibernate.naming.physical-strategy = org.hibernate.boot.model.naming.PhysicalNamingStrategyStandardImpl

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect

项目结构 #

根模块为Spring Boot应用，包含data、service、controller三个Maven子模块：

根pom.xml配置 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.1</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.dbiz</groupId>
    <artifactId>esuite</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>esuite</name>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <description>eSuite project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>19</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>   
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <modules>
        <module>data</module>
        <module>service</module>
        <module>controller</module>
    </modules>
</project>

子模块pom.xml示例（controller模块） #

其他子模块配置类似

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <artifactId>controller</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <parent>
    <groupId>com.dbiz</groupId>
    <artifactId>esuite</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.dbiz</groupId>
        <artifactId>service</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.dbiz</groupId>
        <artifactId>data</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

启动报错堆栈信息 #

.   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v3.0.1)

2023-01-10T11:14:27.773+05:00  INFO 13664 --- [           main] com.dbiz.esuite.EsuiteApplication        : Starting EsuiteApplication using Java 19.0.1 with PID 13664 (D:\eclipse-workspace\esuite\target\classes started by Dell in D:\eclipse-workspace\esuite)
2023-01-10T11:14:27.782+05:00  INFO 13664 --- [           main] com.dbiz.esuite.EsuiteApplication        : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2023-01-10T11:14:31.986+05:00  INFO 13664 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data JPA repositories in DEFAULT mode.
2023-01-10T11:14:32.210+05:00  INFO 13664 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 33 ms. Found 0 JPA repository interfaces.
2023-01-10T11:14:38.609+05:00  INFO 13664 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2023-01-10T11:14:38.647+05:00  INFO 13664 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2023-01-10T11:14:38.647+05:00  INFO 13664 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine    : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.1.4]
2023-01-10T11:14:39.413+05:00  INFO 13664 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2023-01-10T11:14:39.416+05:00  INFO 13664 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 11128 ms
2023-01-10T11:14:39.553+05:00  WARN 13664 --- [           main] ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSourceScriptDatabaseInitializer' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/sql/init/DataSourceInitializationConfiguration.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'dataSourceScriptDatabaseInitializer' parameter 0: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/jdbc/DataSourceConfiguration$Hikari.class]: Failed to instantiate [com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource]: Factory method 'dataSource' threw exception with message: Failed to determine a suitable driver class
2023-01-10T11:14:39.558+05:00  INFO 13664 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Stopping service [Tomcat]
2023-01-10T11:14:45.176+05:00  INFO 13664 --- [           main] .s.b.a.l.ConditionEvaluationReportLogger : 

Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the condition evaluation report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.
2023-01-10T11:14:45.236+05:00 ERROR 13664 --- [           main] o.s.b.d.LoggingFailureAnalysisReporter   : 

***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************

Description:

Failed to configure a DataSource: 'url' attribute is not specified and no embedded datasource could be configured.

Reason: Failed to determine a suitable driver class

修改后的Hikari专属application.properties配置 #

调整后依然报错

spring.datasource.hikari.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.hikari.minimum-idle=5
spring.datasource.hikari.idle-timeout=180000
spring.datasource.hikari.maximum-pool-size=20
spring.datasource.hikari.auto-commit=true
spring.datasource.hikari.pool-name=Mysql-spring.datasource.hikariCP
spring.datasource.hikari.max-lifetime=1800000
spring.datasource.hikari.connection-timeout=30000
spring.datasource.hikari.connection-test-query=SELECT 1
spring.datasource.hikari.validation-timeout=5000
spring.datasource.hikari.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring
spring.datasource.hikari.username=root
spring.datasource.hikari.password=

spring.jpa.show-sql=true

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update

spring.jpa.hibernate.naming.physical-strategy=org.hibernate.boot.model.naming.PhysicalNamingStrategyStandardImpl

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect

解决方案 #

1. 修正Spring Boot 3.x兼容的MySQL驱动类 #

Spring Boot 3.x基于Jakarta EE，对应的MySQL驱动类已更新为com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver，替换配置中的旧驱动类：

# 初始配置修改
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

# Hikari配置修改
spring.datasource.hikari.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

2. 移除JPA依赖的provided作用域 #

根pom中spring-boot-starter-data-jpa的provided作用域会导致运行时无法加载JPA相关类，移除该配置：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    <!-- 移除<scope>provided</scope> -->
</dependency>

3. 确保配置文件路径正确 #

根模块的application.properties需放置在src/main/resources目录下，保证Spring Boot启动时能读取到配置。

4. 验证MySQL服务状态 #

确认本地MySQL服务已启动，端口3306正常监听，数据库spring已创建，且用户名密码配置正确。

5. 清理Maven依赖并重新构建 #

执行以下命令清理本地依赖并重新构建，避免依赖冲突或缺失：

mvn clean install -U

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Shahzaib