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SpringBoot单元测试中PasswordEncoder空指针异常解决求助

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安全阿岳
2026-8-5
SpringBoot单元测试PasswordEncoder空指针问题解决

问题场景

编写MemberService单元测试时，调用memberService.create(memberDto)抛出NullPointerException，经排查是MemberService中的passwordEncoder字段为空导致。

业务代码 

@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class MemberService {

    private final MemberRepository memberRepository;
    private final PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;

    @Transactional
    public Member create(MemberDto memberDto) {
        memberDto.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(memberDto.getPassword()));
        Member member = memberDto.toEntity();
        return memberRepository.save(member);
    }
}

测试代码 

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
@Transactional
class MemberServiceTest {

    @Mock
    private MemberRepository memberRepository;

    @InjectMocks
    private MemberService memberService;

    @Mock
    private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        this.passwordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("회원가입 테스트")
    void createMember() {
        //given
        MemberDto memberDto = MemberDto.builder()
            .email("test@naver.com")
            .password("12345")
            .name("test")
            .nickname("hateTest")
            .phone("11111111")
            .build();

        //when
        memberService.create(memberDto);

        //then
        assertThat(memberRepository.findByName("test").get().getName()).isEqualTo("test");
    }
}

异常栈信息 

java.lang.NullPointerException
    at com.stock.togetherStock.service.MemberService.create(MemberService.java:26)
    at com.stock.togetherStock.model.member.MemberServiceTest.createMember(MemberServiceTest.java:59)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(ReflectionUtils.java:725)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:60)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain$ValidatingInvocation.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:131)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.intercept(TimeoutExtension.java:149)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.interceptTestableMethod(TimeoutExtension.java:140)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.interceptTestMethod(TimeoutExtension.java:84)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker$ReflectiveInterceptorCall.lambda$ofVoidMethod$0(ExecutableInvoker.java:115)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.lambda$invoke$0(ExecutableInvoker.java:105)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain$InterceptedInvocation.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:106)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:64)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.chainAndInvoke(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:45)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.invoke(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:37)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:104)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:98)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestMethod$7(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:214)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeTestMethod(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:210)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:135)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:66)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:151)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95)
    at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1257)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95)
    at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1257)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:35)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:54)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:107)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:88)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:54)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:67)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:52)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:114)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:86)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncherSession$DelegatingLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncherSession.java:86)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.SessionPerRequestLauncher.execute(SessionPerRequestLauncher.java:53)
    at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:57)
    at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11)
    at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35)
    at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235)
    at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54)

问题原因

测试类中给PasswordEncoder加了@Mock注解，Mockito会创建一个Mock实例准备注入到memberService，但你在setUp方法里手动给passwordEncoder变量赋值了真实的BCryptPasswordEncoder实例，这个手动赋值的实例并不会被注入到memberService中，导致memberService里的passwordEncoder还是Null，调用passwordEncoder.encode()时触发空指针。

同时测试方法的断言逻辑也有问题：memberRepository是Mock对象，默认不会返回真实数据，直接调用findByName("test").get()会抛出NoSuchElementException。

修复方案

方案一：移除@Mock，手动注入真实实例

去掉PasswordEncoder上的@Mock注解，通过反射工具将真实实例注入到memberService：

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
@Transactional
class MemberServiceTest {

    @Mock
    private MemberRepository memberRepository;

    @InjectMocks
    private MemberService memberService;

    private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        this.passwordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
        // 用反射工具注入到memberService的passwordEncoder字段
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(memberService, "passwordEncoder", passwordEncoder);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("회원가입 테스트")
    void createMember() {
        //given
        MemberDto memberDto = MemberDto.builder()
            .email("test@naver.com")
            .password("12345")
            .name("test")
            .nickname("hateTest")
            .phone("11111111")
            .build();

        // 存根save方法，返回预期实体
        Member savedMember = memberDto.toEntity();
        when(memberRepository.save(any(Member.class))).thenReturn(savedMember);
        // 存根findByName方法，返回预期结果
        when(memberRepository.findByName("test")).thenReturn(Optional.of(savedMember));

        //when
        memberService.create(memberDto);

        //then
        assertThat(memberRepository.findByName("test").get().getName()).isEqualTo("test");
    }
}

方案二：用@Spy替代@Mock，包装真实实例

@Spy会包装真实的对象实例，同时能被@InjectMocks正常注入：

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
@Transactional
class MemberServiceTest {

    @Mock
    private MemberRepository memberRepository;

    @InjectMocks
    private MemberService memberService;

    // 用@Spy标注，直接初始化真实实例
    @Spy
    private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();

    @Test
    @DisplayName("회원가입 테스트")
    void createMember() {
        //given
        MemberDto memberDto = MemberDto.builder()
            .email("test@naver.com")
            .password("12345")
            .name("test")
            .nickname("hateTest")
            .phone("11111111")
            .build();

        // 存根save和findByName方法
        Member savedMember = memberDto.toEntity();
        when(memberRepository.save(any(Member.class))).thenReturn(savedMember);
        when(memberRepository.findByName("test")).thenReturn(Optional.of(savedMember));

        //when
        memberService.create(memberDto);

        //then
        assertThat(memberRepository.findByName("test").get().getName()).isEqualTo("test");
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Buddhaman

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最近更新时间：2026.08.05 09:11:19