如何使用Python代码列出所有Azure虚拟机镜像

要获取全量Azure VM镜像，必须逐层遍历区域→发布者（publisher）→产品（offer）→SKU→版本，因为Azure没有直接返回全量镜像的API接口。以下是可直接运行的脚本实现：

前置准备 #

先安装所需依赖包：

pip install azure-mgmt-compute azure-identity

完整脚本 #

from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential
from azure.mgmt.compute import ComputeManagementClient
from azure.core.exceptions import HttpResponseError, ResourceNotFoundError
import time

def list_all_vm_images(subscription_id):
    # 初始化Compute客户端
    credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
    compute_client = ComputeManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
    
    # 获取订阅可用的所有区域
    regions = [region.name for region in compute_client.subscriptions.list_locations()]
    print(f"发现可用区域: {len(regions)} 个")

    all_images = []

    for region in regions:
        print(f"\n=== 开始遍历区域: {region} ===")
        try:
            # 获取该区域下所有发布者
            publishers = list(compute_client.virtual_machine_images.list_publishers(region))
            print(f"区域{region}下发布者数量: {len(publishers)}")
            
            for publisher in publishers:
                publisher_name = publisher.name
                try:
                    # 获取该发布者在当前区域的所有产品
                    offers = list(compute_client.virtual_machine_images.list_offers(region, publisher_name))
                    
                    for offer in offers:
                        offer_name = offer.name
                        try:
                            # 获取该产品的所有SKU
                            skus = list(compute_client.virtual_machine_images.list_skus(region, publisher_name, offer_name))
                            
                            for sku in skus:
                                sku_name = sku.name
                                try:
                                    # 获取该SKU的所有版本（这里只取最新5个，若要全量可去掉top参数）
                                    versions = list(compute_client.virtual_machine_images.list(
                                        region, publisher_name, offer_name, sku_name, top=5
                                    ))
                                    
                                    for version in versions:
                                        image_info = {
                                            "region": region,
                                            "publisher": publisher_name,
                                            "offer": offer_name,
                                            "sku": sku_name,
                                            "version": version.name,
                                            "id": version.id
                                        }
                                        all_images.append(image_info)
                                        print(f"已记录镜像: {publisher_name}/{offer_name}/{sku_name}/{version.name}")
                                
                                except HttpResponseError as e:
                                    print(f"获取SKU {sku_name}版本失败: {e.message}")
                                    time.sleep(1)  # 遇到错误暂停1秒，避免触发速率限制
                                except ResourceNotFoundError:
                                    print(f"SKU {sku_name}在区域{region}不存在")
                        except HttpResponseError as e:
                            print(f"获取产品 {offer_name}的SKU失败: {e.message}")
                            time.sleep(1)
                except HttpResponseError as e:
                    print(f"获取发布者 {publisher_name}的产品失败: {e.message}")
                    time.sleep(1)
        except HttpResponseError as e:
            print(f"遍历区域 {region}失败: {e.message}")
            continue

    # 将结果写入CSV文件（可选）
    import csv
    with open("all_azure_vm_images.csv", "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=["region", "publisher", "offer", "sku", "version", "id"])
        writer.writeheader()
        writer.writerows(all_images)
    
    print(f"\n=== 完成！共获取{len(all_images)}个镜像，已保存到all_azure_vm_images.csv ===")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 替换为你的订阅ID
    SUBSCRIPTION_ID = "your-subscription-id-here"
    list_all_vm_images(SUBSCRIPTION_ID)

关键说明 #

• 认证方式：使用DefaultAzureCredential，支持本地开发（Azure CLI、VS Code）、云环境（Managed Identity）等多种认证场景，无需硬编码密钥。
• 速率限制处理：添加了time.sleep(1)在错误时暂停，避免触发Azure API的速率限制；若需要更高效的处理，可引入tenacity库实现重试逻辑。
• 版本过滤：脚本中默认只取每个SKU的最新5个版本，若需要全量版本，移除list()中的top=5参数即可，但会大幅增加运行时间和API调用量。
• 权限要求：执行脚本的账号需要拥有Compute Image User或更高权限（如Contributor），确保能读取镜像元数据。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sandhya