NativeScript项目Android 12兼容性报错：已加android:exported仍无效

问题 #

开发NativeScript项目时，本地开发运行正常，但生成.aab文件上传Google Play时触发Android 12兼容性报错：

您上传的APK或Android App Bundle中存在带intent-filter但未设置‘android:exported’属性的activity、activity alias、service或broadcast receiver，无法在Android 12及以上版本安装。

已手动给所有带intent-filter的activity、service、receiver添加android:exported属性，问题依旧。

解决步骤 #

1. 检查最终合并的AndroidManifest #

NativeScript编译时会合并项目自身和第三方插件的AndroidManifest配置，你手动添加的配置可能被插件覆盖，或者插件自带的组件未设置android:exported。

• 执行ns build android --release --bundle完成编译
• 找到platforms/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml文件，搜索所有带<intent-filter>的组件，检查是否有遗漏android:exported的项
• 如果发现插件引入的组件未设置该属性：
  • 优先升级对应插件到支持Android 12的版本
  • 也可以在项目的AndroidManifest.xml中用tools:replace或tools:node="merge"手动覆盖插件配置，补上android:exported

2. 升级NativeScript Android运行时 #

当前项目使用的@nativescript/android版本为8.1.1，该版本对Android 12的android:exported适配不完善，建议升级到8.2.0及以上版本，新版本已处理Manifest合并的兼容性问题。

升级命令：

npm install @nativescript/android@latest --save-dev

3. 验证Firebase插件适配 #

项目中@nativescript/firebase版本为11.1.3，确认该版本是否支持Android 12。如果合并后的Manifest里Firebase相关组件仍有问题，要么升级到最新版，要么在项目Manifest里明确给这些组件加上android:exported。

项目配置 #

package.json #

{
    "version": "2.10.1",
    "description": "NativeScript Application",
    "license": "SEE LICENSE IN <your-license-filename>",
    "repository": "<fill-your-repository-here>",
    "scripts": {
        "lint": "tslint \"src/**/*.ts\"",
        "code-clean": "prettier --write \"src\"",
        "ngcc": "ngcc",
        "postinstall": "patch-package"
    },
    "dependencies": {
        "@angular/animations": "~12.2.5",
        "@angular/common": "~12.2.5",
        "@angular/compiler": "~12.2.5",
        "@angular/core": "~12.2.5",
        "@angular/forms": "~12.2.5",
        "@angular/platform-browser": "~12.2.5",
        "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "~12.2.5",
        "@angular/router": "~12.2.5",
        "@mapo80/nativescript-ngx-shadow": "file:packages/mapo80-nativescript-ngx-shadow-7.0.1.tgz",
        "@nativescript-community/ui-image": "4.0.20",
        "@nativescript-community/ui-material-bottom-navigation": "^7.0.25",
        "@nativescript-community/ui-material-bottomsheet": "^7.0.28",
        "@nativescript-community/ui-pager": "13.0.31",
        "@nativescript/angular": "^12.2.0",
        "@nativescript/appversion": "~2.0.0",
        "@nativescript/camera": "^5.0.13",
        "@nativescript/core": "~8.1.1",
        "@nativescript/fingerprint-auth": "^8.1.0",
        "@nativescript/firebase": "^11.1.3",
        "@nativescript/geolocation": "8.0.2",
        "@nativescript/imagepicker": "~1.0.0",
        "@nativescript/iqkeyboardmanager": "~2.0.0",
        "@nativescript/social-share": "^2.0.4",
        "@nativescript/theme": "^3.0.2",
        "@ngrx/effects": "^9.2.0",
        "@ngrx/entity": "^12.2.0",
        "@ngrx/store": "^9.2.0",
        "@nstudio/nativescript-exoplayer": "~5.0.0",
        "@nstudio/nativescript-pulltorefresh": "^3.0.2",
        "@sergeymell/nativescript-svg": "^1.1.2",
        "@sonnytrujillojr/tokenizerjs": "^1.0.1",
        "ALAssetsLibrary-CustomPhotoAlbum": "file:packages/ALAssetsLibrary-CustomPhotoAlbum",
        "deep-diff": "^1.0.2",
        "immer": "^7.0.9",
        "lodash": "^4.17.20",
        "moment-timezone": "^0.5.31",
        "nativescript-drop-down": "^6.0.2",
        "nativescript-google-maps-sdk": "^3.0.2",
        "nativescript-gradient": "^2.0.1",
        "nativescript-image-swipe": "^5.0.1",
        "nativescript-masked-text-field": "file:packages/nativescript-masked-text-field-4.0.3.tgz",
        "nativescript-mediafilepicker": "4.0.2",
        "nativescript-push-notifications": "^1.1.6",
        "nativescript-status-bar": "file:nativescript-status-bar",
        "nativescript-ui-listview": "^9.1.0",
        "ngrx-store-logger": "^0.2.4",
        "normalizr": "^3.6.1",
        "reflect-metadata": "^0.1.13",
        "rxjs": "^7.4.0",
        "zone.js": "^0.11.4"
    },
    "devDependencies": {
        "@angular-devkit/build-angular": "^12.2.18",
        "@angular/compiler-cli": "^12.2.5",
        "@nativescript/android": "8.1.1",
        "@nativescript/ios": "8.1.0",
        "@nativescript/types": "~8.1.0",
        "@nativescript/webpack": "^5.0.8",
        "@ngtools/webpack": "^12.2.5",
        "@types/lodash": "^4.14.161",
        "babel-traverse": "6.26.0",
        "babel-types": "6.26.0",
        "babylon": "6.18.0",
        "codelyzer": "~4.0.2",
        "commitizen": "^4.2.3",
        "cz-conventional-changelog": "^3.3.0",
        "patch-package": "^6.4.7",
        "prettier": "2.0.5",
        "prettier-tslint": "^0.4.2",
        "tslint": "~5.8.0",
        "typescript": "~4.3.5"
    },
    "readme": "NativeScript Application",
    "config": {
        "commitizen": {
            "path": "./node_modules/cz-conventional-changelog"
        }
    },
    "main": "./src/main.ts"
}

AndroidManifest.xml #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="__PACKAGE__" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0.0">
    <supports-screens android:smallScreens="true" android:normalScreens="true" android:largeScreens="true" android:xlargeScreens="true"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.location.gps" android:required="false" />
    <application android:name="com.tns.NativeScriptApplication" android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true" android:exported="true">
        <activity android:name="net.demo.Activity" android:label="@string/title_activity_kimera" android:configChanges="keyboard|keyboardHidden|orientation|screenSize|smallestScreenSize|screenLayout|locale|uiMode" android:theme="@style/LaunchScreenTheme" android:screenOrientation="portrait" android:windowSoftInputMode="stateHidden | adjustPan" android:exported="true">
            <meta-data android:name="SET_THEME_ON_LAUNCH" android:resource="@style/AppTheme" />
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
                <data android:scheme="http" android:host="link.demo.com" />
                <data android:scheme="https" android:host="link.demo.com" />
                <data android:scheme="net.demo" android:host="demo.com" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity android:name="com.tns.ErrorReportActivity" android:exported="true"/>
        <service android:name="org.nativescript.plugins.firebase.MyFirebaseInstanceIDService" android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.google.firebase.INSTANCE_ID_EVENT"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </service>
        <service android:name="org.nativescript.plugins.firebase.MyFirebaseMessagingService" android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </service>
        <meta-data android:name="com.google.android.geo.API_KEY" android:value="@string/nativescript_google_maps_api_key"/>
    </application>
</manifest>

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Kanika Agrawal