运行poetry run pytest时遇web_app模块NotFoundError求助

我在学习《Scalable FastAPI on AWS》课程时，执行以下命令：

talk-booking/services/talk_booking $ poetry run pytest tests/integration

出现如下错误：

=============================================== test session starts ================================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.11.1, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.11.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: /Users/blarblar/Workspace/talk-booking/services/talk_booking
plugins: cov-4.0.0, anyio-3.6.2
collected 1 item / 1 error

====================================================== ERRORS ======================================================
___________________________ ERROR collecting tests/integration/test_web_app/test_main.py ___________________________
ImportError while importing test module '/Users/blarblar/Workspace/talk-booking/services/talk_booking/tests/integration/test_web_app/test_main.py'.
Hint: make sure your test modules/packages have valid Python names.
Traceback:
/usr/local/Cellar/python@3.11/3.11.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/importlib/__init__.py:126: in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
tests/integration/test_web_app/test_main.py:4: in <module>
    from web_app.main import app
E   ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'web_app'
============================================= short test summary info ==============================================
ERROR tests/integration/test_web_app/test_main.py
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Interrupted: 1 error during collection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
================================================= 1 error in 0.29s =================================================

我的目录结构如下：

.
├── README.md
└── services
    └── talk_booking
        ├── poetry.lock
        ├── pyproject.toml
        ├── tests
        │   ├── __init__.py
        │   └── integration
        │       └── test_web_app
        │           ├── __init__.py
        │           └── test_main.py
        └── web_app
            ├── __init__.py
            └── main.py

健康检查API（127.0.0.1:8000）运行正常，直接在main.py中编写测试代码也能正常工作，请问如何解决该模块导入问题？

解决方案 #

方法1：临时添加项目路径到Python环境变量 #

在talk-booking/services/talk_booking目录下，先将当前路径加入PYTHONPATH，再执行pytest：

export PYTHONPATH=$PWD
poetry run pytest tests/integration

方法2：通过Poetry配置将web_app设为可导入包 #

修改pyproject.toml文件，添加packages配置项，让Poetry识别web_app作为项目的一部分：

[tool.poetry]
# 保留原有配置，新增以下内容
packages = [
    { include = "web_app" }
]

执行poetry install重新安装依赖后，再运行pytest命令即可。

方法3：修改测试文件为相对导入 #

调整tests/integration/test_web_app/test_main.py中的导入语句为相对路径：

from ...web_app.main import app

注意：此方法依赖测试目录为合法Python包（已存在__init__.py），但相对导入在部分pytest场景下可能需要额外配置，优先推荐前两种方法。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者jc Jang