Python开发需求：实现按车轮数统计车辆的catalog()函数

需求说明 #

• 编写catalog()函数，统计列表中拥有指定车轮数的车辆总数
• 必须保留调用语句：catalog = catalog(all_vehicles, 6)，不可修改
• 输出格式要求：
  • 调用catalog = catalog(all_vehicles, 6)时，输出：Found 2 vehicles with 6 wheels
  • 调用catalog = catalog(all_vehicles, 2)时，输出：Found 4 vehicles with 2 wheels

原有车辆类结构及待完善代码 #

class Vehicles:
    color = ''
    wheels = []
    
    def __init__(self, color, wheels):
        self.color = color
        self.wheels = wheels
        
    def filter():
        pass
    
    def __str__(self):
        print(f"The bus is {self.color} and has {self.wheels} wheels.")
bus1 = Vehicles("white", 6)
bus1.__str__()
bus2 = Vehicles("blue", 6)
bus2.__str__()

class Car(Vehicles):
    speed = 0
    displacement = 0
    
    def __init__(self, color, wheels, speed, displacement):
        super().__init__(color, wheels)
        self.color = color
        self.wheels = wheels
        self.speed = speed
        self.displacement = displacement
    
    def __str__(self):
        print(f"The car is {self.color}, has {self.wheels} wheels, is traveling at {self.speed} mph and has {self.displacement} displacement.")

car1 = Car("black", 4, 70, 1000)
car1.__str__()
car2 = Car("grey", 4, 65, 950)
car2.__str__()
car3 = Car("green", 4, 90, 1100)
car3.__str__()

class Truck(Car):
    cargo = 0
    
    def __init__(self, color, wheels, speed, displacement, cargo):
        super().__init__(color, wheels, speed, displacement)
        self.color = color
        self.wheels = wheels
        self.speed = speed
        self.displacement = displacement
        self.cargo = cargo
        
    def __str__(self):
        print(f"The truck is {self.color}, has {self.wheels} wheels, is traveling at {self.speed} mph, has {self.displacement} displacement and is carrying {self.cargo} weight as cargo.")
        
truck1 = Truck("grey", 4, 40, 900, 1.525)
truck1.__str__()
truck2 = Truck("white", 4, 45, 920, 2.253)
truck2.__str__()

class Bike(Vehicles):
    gears = ""
    
    def __init__(self, color, wheels, gears):
        super().__init__(color, wheels)
        self.color = color
        self.wheels = wheels
        self.gears = gears
        
    def __str__(self):
        print(f"The bike is {self.color}, has {self.wheels} wheels and has {self.gears} changes.")
        
bike1 = Bike("orange", 2, 12)
bike1.__str__()
bike2 = Bike("black", 2, 10)
bike2.__str__()

class Motorbike(Bike):
    speed = 0
    displacement = 0
    model = ""
    
    def __init__(self, color, wheels, gears, speed, displacement, model):
        super().__init__(color, wheels, gears)
        self.color = color
        self.wheels = wheels
        self.gears = gears
        self.speed = speed
        self.displacement = displacement
        self.model = model

    def __str__(self):
        print(f"The motorbike is {self.color}, has {self.wheels} wheels, has {self.gears} changes, is traveling at {self.speed} mph, has {self.displacement} displacement and is a {self.model} motorbike.")

motorbike1 = Motorbike("blue", 2, 5, 120, 600, "road")
motorbike1.__str__()
motorbike2 = Motorbike("black", 2, 7, 220, 1100, "race")
motorbike2.__str__()

all_vehicles = [bus1, bus2, car1, car2, car3, truck1, truck2, bike1, bike2, motorbike1, motorbike2]

def catalog(the_list, wheels):    

    print(f"Founded {Vehicles} with {Vehicles.wheels} wheels.")

catalog = catalog(all_vehicles, 6)

修正后的catalog()函数 #

def catalog(the_list, wheels):    
    count = 0
    # 遍历车辆列表，统计符合条件的数量
    for vehicle in the_list:
        if vehicle.wheels == wheels:
            count += 1
    # 按要求格式输出
    print(f"Found {count} vehicles with {wheels} wheels")
    # 返回统计结果，满足调用语句的赋值需求
    return count

catalog = catalog(all_vehicles, 6)

说明 #

• 遍历传入的车辆列表，检查每个车辆对象的wheels属性是否等于指定值
• 统计符合条件的车辆总数后，按照要求的字符串格式输出
• 函数返回统计结果，适配调用语句的赋值逻辑

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Raphael Silva