pip安装jsonlib失败：安装VS编译工具后仍遇LNK1120错误

执行pip install jsonlib时首次报错，提示需安装Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0及以上版本。安装Visual Studio Build Tools 2022的C++组件并重启终端后，再次执行安装命令，出现LNK2001和LNK1120链接错误，搜索exit code 1120未找到有效解决方法，两次错误完整日志如下：

ERROR 1 #

C:\Users\sheld>pip install jsonlib
Collecting jsonlib
  Downloading jsonlib-1.6.1.tar.gz (43 kB)
     ---------------------------------------- 43.8/43.8 kB 2.2 MB/s eta 0:00:00
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Installing collected packages: jsonlib
  DEPRECATION: jsonlib is being installed using the legacy 'setup.py install' method, because it does not have a 'pyproject.toml' and the 'wheel' package is not installed. pip 23.1 will enforce this behaviour change. A possible replacement is to enable the '--use-pep517' option. Discussion can be found at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/8559
  Running setup.py install for jsonlib ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Running setup.py install for jsonlib did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [11 lines of output]
      running install
      C:\Users\sheld\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py:34: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
        warnings.warn(
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311
      copying jsonlib.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311
      running build_ext
      building '_jsonlib' extension
      error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
      [end of output]

ERROR 2 #

C:\Users\sheld>pip install jsonlib
Collecting jsonlib
  Using cached jsonlib-1.6.1.tar.gz (43 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Installing collected packages: jsonlib
  DEPRECATION: jsonlib is being installed using the legacy 'setup.py install' method, because it does not have a 'pyproject.toml' and the 'wheel' package is not installed. pip 23.1 will enforce this behaviour change. A possible replacement is to enable the '--use-pep517' option. Discussion can be found at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/8559
  Running setup.py install for jsonlib ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Running setup.py install for jsonlib did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [59 lines of output]
      running install
      C:\Users\sheld\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py:34: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
        warnings.warn(
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311
      copying jsonlib.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311
      running build_ext
      building '_jsonlib' extension
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release
      "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.34.31933\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -IC:\Users\sheld\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\include -IC:\Users\sheld\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.34.31933\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22000.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\cppwinrt" /Tc_jsonlib.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\_jsonlib.obj
      _jsonlib.c
      _jsonlib.c(98): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_AsUnicode': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(99): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_GetSize': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(310): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_FromUnicode': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(348): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_FromUnicode': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(396): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_FromUnicode': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(450): warning C4013: 'PyLong_FromUnicode' undefined; assuming extern returning int
      _jsonlib.c(450): warning C4047: '=': 'PyObject *' differs in levels of indirection from 'int'
      _jsonlib.c(550): warning C4018: '<': signed/unsigned mismatch
      _jsonlib.c(643): warning C4020: 'PyFloat_FromString': too many actual parameters
      _jsonlib.c(656): warning C4047: '=': 'PyObject *' differs in levels of indirection from 'int'
      _jsonlib.c(638): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_FromUnicode': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(1186): warning C4013: 'PyString_CheckExact' undefined; assuming extern returning int
      _jsonlib.c(1188): warning C4013: 'PyString_Check' undefined; assuming extern returning int
      _jsonlib.c(1208): warning C4013: 'PyObject_Unicode' undefined; assuming extern returning int
      _jsonlib.c(1208): warning C4047: '=': 'PyObject *' differs in levels of indirection from 'int'
      _jsonlib.c(1406): warning C4013: 'PyInt_CheckExact' undefined; assuming extern returning int
      _jsonlib.c(1466): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(1467): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_GET_SIZE': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(1517): warning C4013: 'PyString_AS_STRING' undefined; assuming extern returning int
      _jsonlib.c(1517): warning C4047: 'function': 'const char *' differs in levels of indirection from 'int'
      _jsonlib.c(1517): warning C4024: 'ascii_constant': different types for formal and actual parameter 1
      _jsonlib.c(1539): warning C4013: 'PyInt_Check' undefined; assuming extern returning int
      _jsonlib.c(1702): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(1703): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_GET_SIZE': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(1751): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_FromUnicode': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(1755): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(1782): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(1783): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_GET_SIZE': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(1821): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_FromUnicode': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(1825): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(1931): warning C4047: '=': 'const char *' differs in levels of indirection from 'int'
      _jsonlib.c(1970): warning C4047: 'function': 'const char *' differs in levels of indirection from 'int'
      _jsonlib.c(1970): warning C4024: 'serializer_append_ascii': different types for formal and actual parameter 2
      _jsonlib.c(1993): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(1994): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_GET_SIZE': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(2089): warning C4013: 'PyUnicode_Encode' undefined; assuming extern returning int
      _jsonlib.c(2090): warning C4047: '=': 'PyObject *' differs in levels of indirection from 'int'
      _jsonlib.c(2095): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_FromUnicode': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(2124): warning C4047: '=': 'PyObject *' differs in levels of indirection from 'int'
      _jsonlib.c(2129): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_FromUnicode': deprecated in 3.3
      _jsonlib.c(2161): warning C4013: 'Py_InitModule3' undefined; assuming extern returning int
      "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.34.31933\bin\HostX86\x64\link.exe" /nologo /INCREMENTAL:NO /LTCG /DLL /MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2 /MANIFESTUAC:NO /LIBPATH:C:\Users\sheld\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\libs /LIBPATH:C:\Users\sheld\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311 /LIBPATH:C:\Users\sheld\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\PCbuild\amd64 "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.34.31933\lib\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.22000.0\ucrt\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\lib\10.0.22000.0\\um\x64" /EXPORT:PyInit__jsonlib build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\_jsonlib.obj /OUT:build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\_jsonlib.cp311-win_amd64.pyd /IMPLIB:build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\_jsonlib.cp311-win_amd64.lib
      LINK : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol PyInit__jsonlib
      build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\_jsonlib.cp311-win_amd64.lib : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals
      error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.34.31933\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\link.exe' failed with exit code 1120
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: legacy-install-failure

× Encountered error while trying to install package.
╰─> jsonlib

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for output from the failure.

解决建议 #

• 优先替换为现代JSON库：jsonlib的1.6.1版本最后更新是2009年，完全不兼容Python3.11这类高版本。Python3.2及以上自带的json模块已经足够满足绝大多数JSON处理需求，无需额外安装。如果需要更高性能，可直接安装ujson或orjson，执行pip install ujson即可，这些包提供预编译的wheel，无需本地编译。
• 若必须使用jsonlib：
  • 降级Python到2.7或3.2以下版本（不推荐，这些版本已停止安全维护）
  • 手动修改源码适配Python3.11：需要替换所有废弃的Python C API（如将PyUnicode_AsUnicode改为PyUnicode_AsUTF8，替换Py_InitModule3为Python3的模块初始化方式，添加PyInit__jsonlib函数），但修改成本极高，后续可能还会出现更多兼容性问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者sw016428