升级Android Studio Electric Eel后Gradle项目同步失败求助

问题描述 #

将Android Studio升级至Electric Eel | 2022.1.1版本后，创建新项目时触发Gradle project sync failed错误。已尝试Invalidating Cache、通过Project Structure修改Gradle版本、禁用Flutter插件，均未解决问题。

错误信息 #

A problem occurred configuring root project 'BIAssignment'.
> Could not resolve all files for configuration ':classpath'.
   > Could not resolve com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.0.
     Required by:
         project : > com.android.application:com.android.application.gradle.plugin:7.4.0
         project : > com.android.library:com.android.library.gradle.plugin:7.4.0
      > No matching variant of com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.0 was found. The consumer was configured to find a runtime of a library compatible with Java 8, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally, as well as attribute 'org.gradle.plugin.api-version' with value '7.5' but:
          - Variant 'apiElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.0 declares a library, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares an API of a component compatible with Java 11 and the consumer needed a runtime of a component compatible with Java 8
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '7.5')
          - Variant 'javadocElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.0 declares a runtime of a component, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares documentation and the consumer needed a library
              - Other compatible attributes:
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 8)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '7.5')
          - Variant 'runtimeElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.0 declares a runtime of a library, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares a component compatible with Java 11 and the consumer needed a component compatible with Java 8
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '7.5')
          - Variant 'sourcesElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.0 declares a runtime of a component, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares documentation and the consumer needed a library
              - Other compatible attributes:
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 8)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '7.5')

当前项目配置 #

项目结构 #

• 截图1：标准Android项目结构，包含app模块、gradle文件夹等核心目录
• 截图2：Gradle相关配置界面展示

根目录build.gradle #

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application' version '7.4.0' apply false
    id 'com.android.library' version '7.4.0' apply false
}

模块build.gradle #

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
}

android {
    namespace 'com.biassignment'
    compileSdk 33

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.biassignment"
        minSdk 24
        targetSdk 33
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    buildFeatures {
        viewBinding true
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.7.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'
    implementation 'androidx.navigation:navigation-fragment:2.5.3'
    implementation 'androidx.navigation:navigation-ui:2.5.3'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.5.1'
}

解决方案 #

核心原因 #

错误日志明确指向两个问题：

1. com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.0要求运行环境为Java 11，但当前项目配置的是Java 8
2. Gradle插件7.4.0与Gradle版本7.5存在属性不匹配问题

修复步骤 #

1. 切换项目JDK版本为Java 11

   • 打开Android Studio，依次进入File > Project Structure > SDK Location
   • 在JDK location选择Android Studio自带的Java 11（路径通常为Android Studio安装目录/jbr），或手动指定本地已安装的Java 11路径
   • 点击OK保存配置

2. 调整Gradle插件版本（可选）
   若切换Java 11后仍有同步问题，可升级Gradle插件至与Electric Eel兼容的稳定版，修改根目录build.gradle：

   plugins {
       id 'com.android.application' version '7.4.2' apply false
       id 'com.android.library' version '7.4.2' apply false
   }
   

   同步项目时同意下载对应Gradle版本即可

3. 保留模块编译配置
   模块中的compileOptions可继续使用Java 8，Android Gradle插件支持用Java 8编写业务代码，同时用Java 11运行Gradle

4. 重新同步项目
   点击右上角Sync Project with Gradle Files按钮，等待同步完成

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sidharth Mudgil