启用QUIC/Http3时调用UseHttps()抛出ArgumentNullException异常

异常信息 #

ERROR System.ArgumentNullException: Value cannot be null. (Parameter 'provider')
at System.ThrowHelper.Throw(String paramName)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ListenOptionsHttpsExtensions.UseHttps(ListenOptions listenOptions, HttpsConnectionAdapterOptions httpsOptions)
at NanoKestrel.<>c__DisplayClass16_0.<.ctor>b__2(ListenOptions listenOptions)

问题代码 #

public class NanoKestrel
{
    public IServer Server { get; set; }
    private HostingApplication _application { get; set; }
    private X509Certificate2 _serverCertificate { get; set; }

    public NanoKestrel(IPEndPoint endPoint, X509Certificate2 certificate = null)
    {
        _serverCertificate = certificate;
        var services = new ServiceCollection();
        services.AddLogging(b =>
        {
            b.AddFilter("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel", LogLevel.Warning);
        });

        services.Configure<KestrelServerOptions>(options =>
        {
            options.Listen(endPoint, listenOptions =>
            {
                listenOptions.Protocols = HttpProtocols.Http1AndHttp2AndHttp3;
                if (_serverCertificate != null) listenOptions.UseHttps(new HttpsConnectionAdapterOptions() { ServerCertificate = _serverCertificate });           // <--exception thrown at this line in stacktrace
            });

        });

        services.AddSingleton<IServer, KestrelServer>();


        services.AddSingleton<IConnectionListenerFactory, SocketTransportFactory>();
        services.AddSingleton<IHostApplicationLifetime, ApplicationLifetime>();
        services.AddTransient<IHttpContextFactory, DefaultHttpContextFactory>();


        services.AddTransient<HostingApplication>();

        var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
        Server = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IServer>();
        _application = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<HostingApplication>();
    }

    public async void StartAsync()
    {
        await Server.StartAsync(_application, default).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }
}

问题背景 #

调用NanoKestrel构造函数时触发上述异常，尝试直接向listenOptions.UseHttps()传入证书仍报错，目标是在Kestrel上启用QUIC/HTTP3。

依赖信息 #

• 包引用：> Microsoft.Extensions.Features 7.0.2
• 框架引用：> Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.App"

解决方案 #

异常根源是配置Kestrel选项时，listenOptions.UseHttps()需要依赖服务提供者，但此时服务容器尚未构建完成，无法获取所需服务。以下是修正方案：

修正后的代码 #

public class NanoKestrel
{
    public IServer Server { get; set; }
    private HostingApplication _application { get; set; }
    private X509Certificate2 _serverCertificate { get; set; }

    public NanoKestrel(IPEndPoint endPoint, X509Certificate2 certificate = null)
    {
        _serverCertificate = certificate;
        var services = new ServiceCollection();
        
        // 使用AddKestrel自动注册Kestrel所需全部依赖
        services.AddKestrel(options =>
        {
            options.Listen(endPoint, listenOptions =>
            {
                listenOptions.Protocols = HttpProtocols.Http1AndHttp2AndHttp3;
                if (_serverCertificate != null)
                {
                    listenOptions.UseHttps(_serverCertificate);
                }
            });
        })
        .AddLogging(b =>
        {
            b.AddFilter("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel", LogLevel.Warning);
        });

        services.AddSingleton<IHostApplicationLifetime, ApplicationLifetime>();
        services.AddTransient<IHttpContextFactory, DefaultHttpContextFactory>();
        services.AddTransient<HostingApplication>();

        var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
        Server = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IServer>();
        _application = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<HostingApplication>();
    }

    // 修正async void为async Task，避免异步生命周期问题
    public async Task StartAsync()
    {
        await Server.StartAsync(_application, default).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }
}

关键修正点 #

1. 使用AddKestrel()替代手动注册：该扩展方法会自动注册Kestrel运行所需的所有依赖项，包括HTTPS功能依赖的服务提供者，避免手动注册遗漏导致的空引用问题。
2. 修正异步方法返回类型：将async void改为async Task，async void仅适用于事件处理程序，普通异步方法返回Task才能正确管理异步生命周期。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Xiaoyu Zou