Python类编写Selenium认证机器人时出现'str'对象不可调用错误

终端报错信息 #

PS E:*my path*1> & E:/Python/python.exe e:*my path*/1/main.py
e:*my path*1\main.py:32: DeprecationWarning: executable_path has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object
self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install(),options=options)

DevTools listening on ws://127.0.0.1:54545/devtools/browser/f9204f7e-ffbc-4ca1-b8f0-755537aba91f
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "e:*my path*\1\main.py", line 76, in <module>
    bot.login()
TypeError: 'str' object is not callable
PS e:*my path*> [3484:9668:0113/153947.029:ERROR:device_event_log_impl.cc(215)] [15:39:47.028] USB: usb_device_handle_win.cc:1046 Failed to read descriptor from node connection: ╧Ёшёюхфшэхээюх ъ ёшёЄхьх єёЄЁющёЄтю эх ЁрсюЄрхЄ. (0x1F)
[3484:9668:0113/153947.029:ERROR:device_event_log_impl.cc(215)] [15:39:47.029] USB: usb_device_handle_win.cc:1046 Failed to read descriptor from node connection: ╧Ёшёюхфшэхээюх ъ ёшёЄхьх єёЄЁющёЄтю эх ЁрсюЄрхЄ. (0x1F)

机器人代码 #

class LoginBot():

  def __init__(self):
    #Excel reading
    wb = load_workbook('seo-fast_profiles.xlsx')
    sheet_ranges = wb['Work']
    self.login = sheet_ranges['A2'].value
    self.email = sheet_ranges['B2'].value
    self.passw = sheet_ranges['C2'].value

    #Optins and UserAgent
    user = UserAgent()
    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    options.add_argument(user.random)
    self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install(), options=options)

  def close_browser(self):
    self.browser.close()
    self.browser.quit()

  def login(self):
    browser = self.browser
    browser.get("https://seo-fast.ru/login")
    time.sleep(random.randrange(1, 3))
    username_input = browser.find_element(By.ID, "logusername")
    username_input.clear()
    username_input.send_keys(self.email)
    time.sleep(1)
    username_input.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    time.sleep(2)
    password_input = browser.find_element(By.ID, "logpassword")
    password_input.send_keys(self.passw)
    time.sleep(5)
    password_input.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    time.sleep(7)
    #cookies
    pickle.dump(browser.get_cookies(), open(f"{self.login}_cookies", "wb"))

    self.close_browser()

  def xpath_exists(self, url):
    browser = self.browser
    try:
        browser.find_element(By.XPATH, url)
        exist = True
    except NoSuchElementException:
        exist = False
    return exist

bot = LoginBot()
bot.login()

浏览器启动后的状态 #

尝试过的操作 #

• 将bot.login方法重命名为其他名称，但问题未解决

解决方案 #

1. 修复TypeError核心问题 #

代码中在__init__方法里定义了实例变量self.login（从Excel读取的字符串值），同时又定义了同名的login方法。创建实例后，self.login会被覆盖成字符串，调用bot.login()时实际是在调用一个字符串，因此抛出错误。

解决方法：修改实例变量的名称，比如改为self.login_username，并同步修改代码中所有用到该变量的地方：

def __init__(self):
    # ... 其他代码不变
    self.login_username = sheet_ranges['A2'].value  # 重命名实例变量
    # ...

def login(self):
    # ... 其他代码不变
    # 保存cookies时使用新的变量名
    pickle.dump(browser.get_cookies(), open(f"{self.login_username}_cookies", "wb"))
    # ...

2. 解决Selenium的DeprecationWarning警告 #

原代码中使用executable_path参数已被废弃，需要改用Service对象：

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service  # 导入Service类

def __init__(self):
    # ... 其他代码不变
    self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()), options=options)

3. 消除USB错误提示 #

终端里的USB错误是Chrome驱动的常见警告，不影响脚本运行。如果想消除该警告，可在ChromeOptions中添加以下参数：

options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-logging'])

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user20899166