如何用Python从Word文件提取图文并通过SMTP发送邮件

一、从Word文档提取图片 #

使用python-docx库提取文档中的内嵌/浮动图片，先安装依赖：

pip install python-docx

提取图片的代码示例：

from docx import Document

def extract_images_from_docx(doc_path):
    doc = Document(doc_path)
    image_list = []
    # 提取内嵌图片
    for inline_shape in doc.inline_shapes:
        if inline_shape.type == 3:  # 类型3对应图片
            image_bytes = inline_shape.image.blob
            image_list.append((f"inline_img_{len(image_list)}.png", image_bytes))
    # 提取浮动图片
    for shape in doc.shapes:
        if shape.shape_type == 13:  # 类型13对应图片形状
            image_bytes = shape.image.blob
            image_list.append((f"float_img_{len(image_list)}.png", image_bytes))
    return image_list

二、构造带图片的邮件（避免编码过长问题） #

不要手动拼接as_string，用MIMEMultipart管理邮件结构，支持两种图片发送方式：

方式1：图片嵌入邮件正文 #

通过CID关联图片，实现正文内显示：

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.header import Header

def send_embedded_image_email(smtp_server, smtp_port, sender, pwd, receiver, doc_text, images):
    msg = MIMEMultipart('related')
    msg['From'] = Header(sender, 'utf-8')
    msg['To'] = Header(receiver, 'utf-8')
    msg['Subject'] = Header('含Word图片的邮件', 'utf-8')

    # 构造HTML正文，通过CID引用图片
    html_content = f"<p>{doc_text}</p>"
    for idx, (img_name, img_bytes) in enumerate(images):
        cid = f"img_{idx}"
        html_content += f'<p><img src="cid:{cid}" alt="{img_name}"></p>'
        # 添加图片到邮件
        img_part = MIMEImage(img_bytes)
        img_part.add_header('Content-ID', f'<{cid}>')
        msg.attach(img_part)
    msg.attach(MIMEText(html_content, 'html', 'utf-8'))

    # 发送邮件
    with smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server, smtp_port) as server:
        server.login(sender, pwd)
        server.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())

方式2：图片作为附件发送 #

如果不需要内嵌，直接添加附件更简单：

def send_attachment_email(smtp_server, smtp_port, sender, pwd, receiver, doc_text, images):
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg['From'] = Header(sender, 'utf-8')
    msg['To'] = Header(receiver, 'utf-8')
    msg['Subject'] = Header('Word图片附件邮件', 'utf-8')

    # 添加纯文本正文
    msg.attach(MIMEText(doc_text, 'plain', 'utf-8'))

    # 添加图片附件
    for img_name, img_bytes in images:
        img_part = MIMEImage(img_bytes)
        img_part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=img_name)
        msg.attach(img_part)

    with smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server, smtp_port) as server:
        server.login(sender, pwd)
        server.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())

三、循环发送3-4封邮件 #

把发送逻辑封装后，循环调用即可：

def main():
    # 配置信息
    smtp_server = 'smtp.xxx.com'  # 示例：smtp.qq.com、smtp.gmail.com
    smtp_port = 465
    sender_email = 'your_email@xxx.com'
    sender_pwd = 'your_auth_code'  # 用邮箱授权码，不是登录密码
    receivers = ['recipient1@xxx.com', 'recipient2@xxx.com']

    # 读取Word文本（你已实现的部分）
    doc_path = 'your_doc.docx'
    doc = Document(doc_path)
    doc_text = '\n'.join([para.text for para in doc.paragraphs])

    # 提取图片
    images = extract_images_from_docx(doc_path)

    # 循环发送4次
    for i in range(4):
        receiver = receivers[i % len(receivers)]
        # 调用发送函数（可替换为send_attachment_email）
        send_embedded_image_email(smtp_server, smtp_port, sender_email, sender_pwd, receiver, f'{doc_text}\n第{i+1}封邮件', images)
        print(f'第{i+1}封邮件发送完成')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

关键提示 #

• 依赖MIMEMultipart自动处理编码，彻底避免手动拼接as_string的长度/编码问题
• SMTP端口优先用465（SSL加密），邮箱密码需用授权码（在邮箱设置中开启POP3/SMTP后生成）
• 仅支持docx格式，doc文件需先转成docx再处理

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Hasan Abdul Ghaffar