在Colab安装Python3.11.1时遇AttributeError: collections无MutableMapping的解决

问题描述 #

在Google Colab中安装Python 3.11.1后，执行pip安装库时触发如下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/pip3", line 5, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.main import main
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 22, in <module>
    from pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import DependencyWarning
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py", line 73, in <module>
    vendored("pkg_resources")
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py", line 33, in vendored
    __import__(modulename, globals(), locals(), level=0)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 77, in <module>
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py", line 9, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1178, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1149, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 674, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 634, in _load_backward_compatible
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/extern/__init__.py", line 43, in load_module
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/_vendor/pyparsing.py", line 943, in <module>
AttributeError: module 'collections' has no attribute 'MutableMapping'

已完成的配置步骤：

!sudo apt-get update -y
!sudo apt-get install python3.11
!sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.11 1
!sudo update-alternatives --config python3

选择对应版本后，!python --version显示为Python 3.11.1，随后通过!sudo apt install python3-pip安装pip。

已尝试的修复方案：

• 更新collections导入逻辑：

  import collections
  import sys
  if sys.version_info.major == 3 and sys.version_info.minor >= 10:
      from collections.abc import MutableMapping
  else:
      from collections import MutableMapping
  

• 重装系统包：

  !sudo apt install python-pip
  !sudo apt-get update
  !sudo apt-get upgrade
  !sudo apt-get update
  

• 更新指定工具包：

  !pip install --upgrade pip wheel setuptools requests
  

最终目标是安装以下库：

!pip install haversine
!pip install codecarbon[viz]

解决方案 #

核心原因 #

Python 3.10+版本中，MutableMapping已从collections模块迁移至collections.abc，但通过apt安装的系统级pip及依赖包（如pkg_resources、旧版pyparsing）未适配该变更，导致版本冲突报错。

具体修复步骤 #

1. 清理系统旧版pip
   移除与Python 3.11不兼容的系统pip：

   !sudo apt remove python3-pip python-pip -y
   !sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip* /usr/local/bin/pip*
   

2. 为Python 3.11安装专属pip
   使用Python 3.11内置的ensurepip模块安装适配版本的pip：

   !python3.11 -m ensurepip --upgrade
   

3. 验证pip关联版本
   检查pip是否绑定到Python 3.11：

   !pip3 --version
   

   若输出未关联Python 3.11，创建软链接强制绑定：

   !sudo ln -sf /usr/local/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip
   

4. 安装目标库
   此时可正常执行安装命令：

   !pip install haversine
   !pip install codecarbon[viz]
   

额外注意事项 #

• 后续安装库时，优先使用python3.11 -m pip的形式调用，避免版本混用导致冲突。
• 若仍出现类似导入错误，可升级核心依赖包：

  !pip install --upgrade setuptools pkg_resources
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者GoT GOt