调用WinAPI StartService启动w32Time服务时出现1058错误的问题咨询

我运行微软官方的启动服务示例代码，使用Windows 10 21H2系统，操作步骤如下：

• 关闭「控制面板」>「日期和时间」>「与Internet时间同步」并确定；
  
• 执行自定义代码（完整代码见下方），触发1058错误，提示：服务无法启动，原因是已禁用或没有关联的启用设备；
  

重新开启「与Internet时间同步」后，代码可正常运行。我排查多日未找到原因，猜测当服务处于停止状态时StartService API无法正常工作，请问该猜测是否正确？

补充：我发现当services.msc中w32Time服务的启动类型为「禁用」时，StartService会抛出1058错误，额外想了解用户程序是否无法自动或手动修改已禁用的服务？

关于StartService API的猜测 #

你的猜测不正确。StartService API可以正常启动处于停止状态的服务，1058错误的核心原因并非服务处于停止状态，而是服务的启动类型被设置为「禁用」。

当你关闭「与Internet时间同步」时，系统会自动将w32Time服务的启动类型从「手动」或「自动」改为「禁用」，此时调用StartService就会触发1058错误；重新开启同步后，系统又会将服务启动类型改回可启动状态，因此代码能正常运行。

关于修改已禁用服务的权限 #

用户程序可以修改已禁用服务的启动类型，但需要满足两个条件：

1. 程序必须以管理员权限运行；
2. 调用ChangeServiceConfig API，将服务的启动类型修改为SERVICE_DEMAND_START（手动）或SERVICE_AUTO_START（自动）等可启动类型，之后才能调用StartService启动服务。

需要注意的是，修改系统服务的启动类型可能影响系统功能，操作前需确认必要性。

// servicetest.cpp : 이 파일에는 'main' 함수가 포함됩니다. 거기서 프로그램 실행이 시작되고 종료됩니다.
//

#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>

VOID __stdcall DoStartSvc(LPCWSTR szSvcName);

int main()
{
    std::cout << "Hello World!\n";
    const WCHAR *name = L"w32Time";
    DoStartSvc(name);
}

VOID __stdcall DoStartSvc(LPCWSTR szSvcName)
{
    SERVICE_STATUS_PROCESS ssStatus;
    DWORD dwOldCheckPoint;
    DWORD dwStartTickCount;
    DWORD dwWaitTime;
    DWORD dwBytesNeeded;

    // Get a handle to the SCM database. 

    SC_HANDLE schSCManager = OpenSCManager(
        NULL,                    // local computer
        NULL,                    // servicesActive database 
        SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);  // full access rights 

    if (NULL == schSCManager)
    {
        printf("OpenSCManager failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
        return;
    }

    // Get a handle to the service.

    SC_HANDLE schService = OpenService(
        schSCManager,         // SCM database 
        szSvcName,            // name of service 
        SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);  // full access 

    if (schService == NULL)
    {
        printf("OpenService failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
        CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
        return;
    }

    // Check the status in case the service is not stopped. 

    if (!QueryServiceStatusEx(
        schService,                     // handle to service 
        SC_STATUS_PROCESS_INFO,         // information level
        (LPBYTE)&ssStatus,             // address of structure
        sizeof(SERVICE_STATUS_PROCESS), // size of structure
        &dwBytesNeeded))              // size needed if buffer is too small
    {
        printf("QueryServiceStatusEx failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
        CloseServiceHandle(schService);
        CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
        return;
    }

    // Check if the service is already running. It would be possible 
    // to stop the service here, but for simplicity this example just returns. 

    if (ssStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_STOPPED && ssStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_STOP_PENDING)
    {
        printf("Cannot start the service because it is already running\n");
        CloseServiceHandle(schService);
        CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
        return;
    }

    // Save the tick count and initial checkpoint.

    dwStartTickCount = GetTickCount();
    dwOldCheckPoint = ssStatus.dwCheckPoint;

    // Wait for the service to stop before attempting to start it.

    while (ssStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_STOP_PENDING)
    {
        // Do not wait longer than the wait hint. A good interval is 
        // one-tenth of the wait hint but not less than 1 second  
        // and not more than 10 seconds. 

        dwWaitTime = ssStatus.dwWaitHint / 10;

        if (dwWaitTime < 1000)
            dwWaitTime = 1000;
        else if (dwWaitTime > 10000)
            dwWaitTime = 10000;

        Sleep(dwWaitTime);

        // Check the status until the service is no longer stop pending. 

        if (!QueryServiceStatusEx(
            schService,                     // handle to service 
            SC_STATUS_PROCESS_INFO,         // information level
            (LPBYTE)&ssStatus,             // address of structure
            sizeof(SERVICE_STATUS_PROCESS), // size of structure
            &dwBytesNeeded))              // size needed if buffer is too small
        {
            printf("QueryServiceStatusEx failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
            CloseServiceHandle(schService);
            CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
            return;
        }

        if (ssStatus.dwCheckPoint > dwOldCheckPoint)
        {
            // Continue to wait and check.

            dwStartTickCount = GetTickCount();
            dwOldCheckPoint = ssStatus.dwCheckPoint;
        }
        else
        {
            if (GetTickCount() - dwStartTickCount > ssStatus.dwWaitHint)
            {
                printf("Timeout waiting for service to stop\n");
                CloseServiceHandle(schService);
                CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    // Attempt to start the service.

    if (!StartService(
        schService,  // handle to service 
        0,           // number of arguments 
        NULL))      // no arguments 
    {
        printf("StartService failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
        CloseServiceHandle(schService);
        CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
        return;
    }
    else printf("Service start pending...\n");

    // Check the status until the service is no longer start pending. 

    if (!QueryServiceStatusEx(
        schService,                     // handle to service 
        SC_STATUS_PROCESS_INFO,         // info level
        (LPBYTE)&ssStatus,             // address of structure
        sizeof(SERVICE_STATUS_PROCESS), // size of structure
        &dwBytesNeeded))              // if buffer too small
    {
        printf("QueryServiceStatusEx failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
        CloseServiceHandle(schService);
        CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
        return;
    }

    // Save the tick count and initial checkpoint.

    dwStartTickCount = GetTickCount();
    dwOldCheckPoint = ssStatus.dwCheckPoint;

    while (ssStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_START_PENDING)
    {
        // Do not wait longer than the wait hint. A good interval is 
        // one-tenth the wait hint, but no less than 1 second and no 
        // more than 10 seconds. 

        dwWaitTime = ssStatus.dwWaitHint / 10;

        if (dwWaitTime < 1000)
            dwWaitTime = 1000;
        else if (dwWaitTime > 10000)
            dwWaitTime = 10000;

        Sleep(dwWaitTime);

        // Check the status again. 

        if (!QueryServiceStatusEx(
            schService,             // handle to service 
            SC_STATUS_PROCESS_INFO, // info level
            (LPBYTE)&ssStatus,             // address of structure
            sizeof(SERVICE_STATUS_PROCESS), // size of structure
            &dwBytesNeeded))              // if buffer too small
        {
            printf("QueryServiceStatusEx failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
            break;
        }

        if (ssStatus.dwCheckPoint > dwOldCheckPoint)
        {
            // Continue to wait and check.

            dwStartTickCount = GetTickCount();
            dwOldCheckPoint = ssStatus.dwCheckPoint;
        }
        else
        {
            if (GetTickCount() - dwStartTickCount > ssStatus.dwWaitHint)
            {
                // No progress made within the wait hint.
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    // Determine whether the service is running.

    if (ssStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_RUNNING)
    {
        printf("Service started successfully.\n");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("Service not started. \n");
        printf("  Current State: %d\n", ssStatus.dwCurrentState);
        printf("  Exit Code: %d\n", ssStatus.dwWin32ExitCode);
        printf("  Check Point: %d\n", ssStatus.dwCheckPoint);
        printf("  Wait Hint: %d\n", ssStatus.dwWaitHint);
    }

    CloseServiceHandle(schService);
    CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者june