如何将本地大文件直接传输至远程服务器的Docker容器并支持断点续传？

Great question! Transferring large files directly to a remote Docker container without an intermediate step is totally possible, and we can add resumable transfer support to avoid re-uploading the entire 13GB file if the connection drops. Below are the most reliable methods:

Prerequisites #

• You have SSH access to the remote server.
• Your user account on the remote server has permission to run Docker commands (either via membership in the docker group or using sudo).
• The target directory inside the container exists (create it first if needed: ssh user@remote-server "docker exec your-container-name mkdir -p /path/inside/container").

Method 1: Basic Direct Transfer (No Resume Support) #

If you don't need resume functionality and just want to skip the intermediate server step, use a tar pipe through SSH to send the file directly into the container:

tar -c /path/to/your/local/large-file | ssh user@remote-server "docker exec -i your-container-name tar -x -C /path/inside/container"

How it works: #

• tar -c creates an archive of your local file (avoids issues with special characters or permissions).
• The archive is piped over SSH to the remote server.
• docker exec -i runs tar -x inside the container (the -i flag lets it read the input pipe) to extract the file to your target directory.

Method 2: Resumable Transfer (Recommended for Large Files) #

For your 13GB file, resumable transfers are critical. We'll use rsync—a tool designed for efficient, resumable file transfers. You have two options here:

Option A: Single-Command Direct Resumable Transfer #

Pipe the file directly from your local machine to the container via rsync and SSH:

rsync -avP --append-verify /path/to/your/local/large-file user@remote-server:"docker exec -i your-container-name dd of=/path/inside/container/large-file bs=1M"

Key Flags Explained: #

• -a: Preserves file permissions and metadata.
• -v: Verbose output to track progress.
• -P: Shows transfer progress and keeps partial files if the transfer is interrupted.
• --append-verify: Resumes the transfer from where it left off by verifying the existing portion of the file in the container.
• dd of=... bs=1M: Writes the file to the container's target path with a large block size for faster transfers.

Option B: Two-Step Resumable Transfer (More Reliable) #

If you prefer a more robust approach (in case the Docker copy step fails), first transfer the file to a temporary location on the remote server (resumable), then copy it to the container:

1. Resumable transfer to remote server:

   rsync -avP --append-verify /path/to/your/local/large-file user@remote-server:/tmp/temp-large-file
   

2. Copy to container (this step is fast since the file is already on the remote server):

   ssh user@remote-server "docker cp /tmp/temp-large-file your-container-name:/path/inside/container/"
   

3. Clean up the temporary file (optional):

   ssh user@remote-server "rm /tmp/temp-large-file"
   

Notes for Sudo Users #

If your remote user requires sudo to run Docker commands, modify the commands to include sudo before docker:

# Example for Method 1 with sudo
tar -c /path/to/file | ssh user@remote-server "sudo docker exec -i your-container-name tar -x -C /target/path"

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者waykiki