Snake游戏分数与最高分记录异常问题求助

我正在开发一款Snake游戏，但无法正确记录当前分数（score）和最高分（high score）。每当蛇收集到食物时，只有最高分数值增长，当前分数毫无变化。我尝试过调整画布中与分数相关的代码逻辑、修改分数计数条件，但问题仍未解决。

以下是我的游戏代码：

from tkinter import *
from settings import *
import random
import turtle
import pygame as pg
import keyboard
from os import path

global game_state 

class Snake:

    def __init__(self):
        self.body_size = BODY_PARTS
        self.coordinates = []
        self.squares = []

        for i in range(0, BODY_PARTS):
            self.coordinates.append([0, 0])

        for x, y in self.coordinates:
            square = canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + SPACE_SIZE, y + SPACE_SIZE, fill=SNAKE_COLOR, tag="snake")
            self.squares.append(square)


class Food:

    def __init__(self):

        x = random.randint(0, (GAME_WIDTH / SPACE_SIZE)-1) * SPACE_SIZE
        y = random.randint(0, (GAME_HEIGHT / SPACE_SIZE) - 1) * SPACE_SIZE

        self.coordinates = [x, y]

        canvas.create_oval(x, y, x + SPACE_SIZE, y + SPACE_SIZE, fill=FOOD_COLOR, tag="food")

class TryAgain:

    def __init__(self):
        x = (GAME_WIDTH / SPACE_SIZE)-1 * SPACE_SIZE
        y = (GAME_HEIGHT / SPACE_SIZE) - 1 * SPACE_SIZE
        self.coordinates = [x, y]

def show_title_screen():
    canvas.create_text(canvas.winfo_width()/2, canvas.winfo_height()/4,
                       font=('times new roman',70), text="SNAKE!", fill="Green", tag="title")

    canvas.create_text(canvas.winfo_width()/2, canvas.winfo_height()/2,
                       font=('times new roman',22), text="Use the arrow keys to move", fill="Green", tag="title")


def next_turn(snake, food):

    x, y = snake.coordinates[0]

    if direction == "up":
        y -= SPACE_SIZE
    elif direction == "down":
        y += SPACE_SIZE
    elif direction == "left":
        x -= SPACE_SIZE
    elif direction == "right":
        x += SPACE_SIZE

    snake.coordinates.insert(0, (x, y))

    square = canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + SPACE_SIZE, y + SPACE_SIZE, fill=SNAKE_COLOR)

    snake.squares.insert(0, square)

    if x == food.coordinates[0] and y == food.coordinates[1]:

        global score
        global high_score

        score += 1
        label.config(text="Score:{}".format(score))

        if score >= high_score:
            high_score = score
            label.config(text="High Score:{}".format(high_score))

        canvas.delete("food")

        food = Food()

    else:

        del snake.coordinates[-1]

        canvas.delete(snake.squares[-1])

        del snake.squares[-1]

    if check_collisions(snake):
        game_over()

    else:
        window.after(SPEED, next_turn, snake, food)
    

def change_direction(new_direction):

    global direction

    if new_direction == 'left':
        if direction != 'right':
            direction = new_direction
    elif new_direction == 'right':
        if direction != 'left':
            direction = new_direction
    elif new_direction == 'up':
        if direction != 'down':
            direction = new_direction
    elif new_direction == 'down':
        if direction != 'up':
            direction = new_direction


def check_collisions(snake):

    x, y = snake.coordinates[0]

    if x < 0 or x >= GAME_WIDTH:
        return True
    elif y < 0 or y >= GAME_HEIGHT:
        return True

    for body_part in snake.coordinates[1:]:
        if x == body_part[0] and y == body_part[1]:
            return True

    return False


def game_over():

    canvas.delete(ALL)
    canvas.create_text(canvas.winfo_width()/2, canvas.winfo_height()/4,
                       font=('times new roman',70), text="GAME OVER", fill="orange", tag="gameover")
    button = TryAgain()

def load_data(self):
    self.dir = path.dirname(__dirname__)
    with open(path.join(self.dir, HS_FILE), 'w') as f:
        try:
            self.highscore = int(f.read())
        except:
            self.highscore = 0

window = Tk()
window.title("Snake game")
window.resizable(False, False)

score = 0
high_score = 0
direction = 'down'

label = Label(window, text="Score:{}".format(score), font=('times new roman', 40))
label.pack()
label = Label(window, text="High Score:{}".format(high_score), font=('times new roman', 40))
label.pack()

canvas = Canvas(window, bg=BACKGROUND_COLOR, height=GAME_HEIGHT, width=GAME_WIDTH)
canvas.pack()

window.update()

window_width = window.winfo_width()
window_height = window.winfo_height()
screen_width = window.winfo_screenwidth()
screen_height = window.winfo_screenheight()

x = int((screen_width/2) - (window_width/2))
y = int((screen_height/2) - (window_height/2))

window.geometry(f"{window_width}x{window_height}+{x}+{y}")

show_title_screen()

window.bind('<Left>', lambda event: change_direction('left'))
window.bind('<Right>', lambda event: change_direction('right'))
window.bind('<Up>', lambda event: change_direction('up'))
window.bind('<Down>', lambda event: change_direction('down'))

snake = Snake()
food = Food()

next_turn(snake, food)

window.mainloop()

问题根源与修复方案 #

1. 核心问题

• Label变量覆盖：两个分数Label共用同一个label变量，第二个Label会直接覆盖第一个，导致后续仅能更新最高分的显示，当前分数完全无法被更新。
• 分数更新逻辑冲突：收集食物时，更新当前分数后立刻用最高分文本覆盖Label，冲掉了当前分数的显示。
• 最高分持久化失效：load_data函数定义后从未调用，且用'w'模式打开文件会清空原有内容，无法读取历史最高分。

2. 修复后的完整代码

from tkinter import *
from settings import *
import random
from os import path

global game_state 

class Snake:
    def __init__(self):
        self.body_size = BODY_PARTS
        self.coordinates = []
        self.squares = []

        for i in range(0, BODY_PARTS):
            self.coordinates.append([0, 0])

        for x, y in self.coordinates:
            square = canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + SPACE_SIZE, y + SPACE_SIZE, fill=SNAKE_COLOR, tag="snake")
            self.squares.append(square)

class Food:
    def __init__(self):
        x = random.randint(0, (GAME_WIDTH / SPACE_SIZE)-1) * SPACE_SIZE
        y = random.randint(0, (GAME_HEIGHT / SPACE_SIZE) - 1) * SPACE_SIZE

        self.coordinates = [x, y]
        canvas.create_oval(x, y, x + SPACE_SIZE, y + SPACE_SIZE, fill=FOOD_COLOR, tag="food")

class TryAgain:
    def __init__(self):
        x = (GAME_WIDTH / SPACE_SIZE)-1 * SPACE_SIZE
        y = (GAME_HEIGHT / SPACE_SIZE) - 1 * SPACE_SIZE
        self.coordinates = [x, y]

def show_title_screen():
    canvas.create_text(canvas.winfo_width()/2, canvas.winfo_height()/4,
                       font=('times new roman',70), text="SNAKE!", fill="Green", tag="title")
    canvas.create_text(canvas.winfo_width()/2, canvas.winfo_height()/2,
                       font=('times new roman',22), text="Use the arrow keys to move", fill="Green", tag="title")

def change_direction(new_direction):
    global direction
    if new_direction == 'left' and direction != 'right':
        direction = new_direction
    elif new_direction == 'right' and direction != 'left':
        direction = new_direction
    elif new_direction == 'up' and direction != 'down':
        direction = new_direction
    elif new_direction == 'down' and direction != 'up':
        direction = new_direction

def check_collisions(snake):
    x, y = snake.coordinates[0]
    if x < 0 or x >= GAME_WIDTH or y < 0 or y >= GAME_HEIGHT:
        return True
    for body_part in snake.coordinates[1:]:
        if x == body_part[0] and y == body_part[1]:
            return True
    return False

def load_data():
    global high_score
    dir_path = path.dirname(__file__)
    hs_file = path.join(dir_path, HS_FILE)
    if path.exists(hs_file):
        with open(hs_file, 'r') as f:
            try:
                high_score = int(f.read())
            except:
                high_score = 0
    else:
        high_score = 0

def save_high_score():
    global high_score
    dir_path = path.dirname(__file__)
    hs_file = path.join(dir_path, HS_FILE)
    with open(hs_file, 'w') as f:
        f.write(str(high_score))

def game_over():
    save_high_score()
    canvas.delete(ALL)
    canvas.create_text(canvas.winfo_width()/2, canvas.winfo_height()/4,
                       font=('times new roman',70), text="GAME OVER", fill="orange", tag="gameover")
    TryAgain()

def next_turn(snake, food):
    x, y = snake.coordinates[0]

    if direction == "up":
        y -= SPACE_SIZE
    elif direction == "down":
        y += SPACE_SIZE
    elif direction == "left":
        x -= SPACE_SIZE
    elif direction == "right":
        x += SPACE_SIZE

    snake.coordinates.insert(0, (x, y))
    square = canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + SPACE_SIZE, y + SPACE_SIZE, fill=SNAKE_COLOR)
    snake.squares.insert(0, square)

    if x == food.coordinates[0] and y == food.coordinates[1]:
        global score, high_score
        score += 1
        score_label.config(text=f"Score:{score}")
        
        if score >= high_score:
            high_score = score
            high_score_label.config(text=f"High Score:{high_score}")
        
        canvas.delete("food")
        food = Food()
    else:
        del snake.coordinates[-1]
        canvas.delete(snake.squares[-1])
        del snake.squares[-1]

    if check_collisions(snake):
        game_over()
    else:
        window.after(SPEED, next_turn, snake, food)

# 初始化窗口
window = Tk()
window.title("Snake game")
window.resizable(False, False)

score = 0
high_score = 0
direction = 'down'

# 加载历史最高分
load_data()

# 分别创建两个Label，避免变量覆盖
score_label = Label(window, text=f"Score:{score}", font=('times new roman', 40))
score_label.pack()
high_score_label = Label(window, text=f"High Score:{high_score}", font=('times new roman', 40))
high_score_label.pack()

canvas = Canvas(window, bg=BACKGROUND_COLOR, height=GAME_HEIGHT, width=GAME_WIDTH)
canvas.pack()

# 窗口居中
window.update()
window_width = window.winfo_width()
window_height = window.winfo_height()
screen_width = window.winfo_screenwidth()
screen_height = window.winfo_screenheight()
x = int((screen_width/2) - (window_width/2))
y = int((screen_height/2) - (window_height/2))
window.geometry(f"{window_width}x{window_height}+{x}+{y}")

show_title_screen()

# 绑定方向键
window.bind('<Left>', lambda event: change_direction('left'))
window.bind('<Right>', lambda event: change_direction('right'))
window.bind('<Up>', lambda event: change_direction('up'))
window.bind('<Down>', lambda event: change_direction('down'))

# 启动游戏
snake = Snake()
food = Food()
next_turn(snake, food)

window.mainloop()

3. 关键修改点

• 拆分两个分数Label为score_label和high_score_label，避免变量覆盖
• 分离当前分数与最高分的更新逻辑，确保两个Label独立显示
• 修复load_data函数，改为读取模式加载历史最高分，增加文件存在性判断
• 添加save_high_score函数，游戏结束时自动保存当前最高分
• 清理无用导入（turtle、pygame、keyboard），简化代码结构

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Devaki Shandha