如何用Java获取安卓设置菜单全部元素而非仅可见元素？

我需要获取安卓设置菜单中的所有选项名称，当前编写的Appium Java代码只能拿到屏幕上可见的10个元素，希望能获取菜单中的全部元素。

当前代码 #

public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, InterruptedException {               
    DesiredCapabilities dc = new DesiredCapabilities();
    dc.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME, "Appium");   
    dc.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "Redmi Note 9 Pro");     
    dc.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME, "Android");    
    dc.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION, "12.0");    
    dc.setCapability("appPackage", "com.android.settings");
    dc.setCapability("appActivity", "com.android.settings.Settings");
            
    URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub");      
    AndroidDriver<WebElement> driver = new AndroidDriver<WebElement>(url, dc);

    MobileElement list = (MobileElement) driver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiScrollable(new UiSelector()).scrollIntoView("+ "new UiSelector().text(\"Services & feedback\"));" ));
    Thread.sleep(5000);
    List <WebElement> list2 = driver.findElementsById("android:id/title");
    System.out.println(list2.size());
    
    for (WebElement i : list2) {
        System.out.println(i.getText());
    }
}

当前输出 #

10 
Apps
Additional settings
Digital Wellbeing & parental controls
Special features
Mi Account
Google
Accounts & sync
Privacy
Location
Services & feedback

解决方案 #

安卓设置菜单采用滚动加载机制，只有当前可见区域的元素会被渲染，因此需要循环滚动页面，逐步加载所有元素并去重，直到没有新元素出现。

修改后的代码如下：

import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.MobileCapabilityType;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;

public class SettingsScraper {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, InterruptedException {               
        DesiredCapabilities dc = new DesiredCapabilities();
        // 改用UiAutomator2引擎，稳定性更好
        dc.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME, "UiAutomator2");
        dc.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "Redmi Note 9 Pro");     
        dc.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME, "Android");    
        dc.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION, "12.0");    
        dc.setCapability("appPackage", "com.android.settings");
        dc.setCapability("appActivity", "com.android.settings.Settings");
                
        URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub");      
        AndroidDriver<WebElement> driver = new AndroidDriver<>(url, dc);
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        // 用HashSet存储标题，自动去重
        Set<String> allSettingsTitles = new HashSet<>();
        int previousCount = 0;

        // 循环滚动加载，直到没有新元素
        while (true) {
            // 获取当前所有可见的设置项标题
            List<WebElement> currentElements = driver.findElementsById("android:id/title");
            for (WebElement element : currentElements) {
                allSettingsTitles.add(element.getText().trim());
            }

            // 如果元素数量不再增加，说明已加载全部
            if (allSettingsTitles.size() == previousCount) {
                break;
            }
            previousCount = allSettingsTitles.size();

            // 执行向下滚动操作
            driver.executeScript("mobile: scrollGesture", ImmutableMap.of(
                    "left", 500, "top", 1500, "width", 100, "height", 1000,
                    "direction", "down",
                    "percent", 1.0
            ));
            Thread.sleep(1000); // 等待滚动加载完成
        }

        // 输出结果
        System.out.println("全部设置项数量：" + allSettingsTitles.size());
        for (String title : allSettingsTitles) {
            System.out.println(title);
        }

        driver.quit();
    }
}

关键说明 #

• 滚动加载逻辑：通过循环滚动+对比元素数量，确保所有设置项都被加载到DOM中
• 去重处理：使用HashSet存储标题，避免重复获取已加载的元素
• 引擎优化：更换为UiAutomator2自动化引擎，兼容性和稳定性优于旧版Appium引擎
• 滚动方式：使用scrollGesture执行滚动，比UiScrollable更适合循环滚动场景

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user20468552