NativeScript Android构建错误：无法找到com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.3

我基于现有项目模板创建了新的NativeScript JavaScript项目，iOS构建正常，但Android构建报错：

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

• What went wrong:
  A problem occurred configuring root project 'nativescript_google_maps'.

Could not resolve all files for configuration ':classpath'.
Could not find com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.3..
Searched in the following locations:
- https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/com/android/tools/build/gradle/7.3./gradle-7.3..pom
- https://jcenter.bintray.com/com/android/tools/build/gradle/7.3./gradle-7.3..pom
Required by:
project :

项目package.json内容：

{"name": "rrr","main": "app/app.js","version": "1.0.0","private": true,"dependencies": {"@bradmartin/nativescript-urlhandler": "^2.0.1","@kefah/nativescript-google-maps": "1.0.7","@master.technology/permissions": "^2.0.1","@nativescript-community/ui-material-bottom-navigation": "7.0.2","@nativescript/appversion": "^2.0.0","@nativescript/contacts": "2.0.4","@nativescript/core": "8.3.5","@nativescript/email": "^2.0.5","@nativescript/firebase": "^11.1.3","@nativescript/geolocation": "8.0.2","@nativescript/iqkeyboardmanager": "2.0.0","@nativescript/theme": "^3.0.2","@triniwiz/nativescript-toasty": "^4.1.3","base-64": "^1.0.0","nativescript-bitmap-factory": "^1.8.1","nativescript-clipboard": "^2.1.1","nativescript-danem-google-maps-utils": "^1.0.18","nativescript-drop-down": "6.0.1","nativescript-pdf-view": "^3.0.0-1","nativescript-phone": "^3.0.3","nativescript-screenshot": "^0.0.2","nativescript-sqlite": "^2.8.6","nativescript-ui-listview": "10.0.2","nativescript-ui-sidedrawer": "10.0.2","patch-package": "^6.5.1"},"devDependencies": {"@nativescript/android": "8.1.1","@nativescript/ios": "8.2.3","@nativescript/webpack": "5.0.6"},"scripts": {"postinstall": "patch-package"}}

执行tns build android --log trace时发现新项目自动获取了@nativescript/android@8.4.0对应的Gradle版本（gradleVersion:7.5，gradleAndroidPluginVersion:7.3.），但原有项目无此行为。已尝试在buildscript.gradle添加依赖声明、多次执行tns clean、更新Android Studio构建工具，均无效。

tns doctor输出：

✔ Getting environment information

No issues were detected.
✔ Your ANDROID_HOME environment variable is set and points to correct directory.
✔ Your adb from the Android SDK is correctly installed.
✔ The Android SDK is installed.
✔ A compatible Android SDK for compilation is found.
✔ Javac is installed and is configured properly.
✔ The Java Development Kit (JDK) is installed and is configured properly.
✔ Xcode is installed and is configured properly.
✔ xcodeproj is installed and is configured properly.
✔ CocoaPods are installed.
✔ CocoaPods update is not required.
✔ CocoaPods are configured properly.
✔ Your current CocoaPods version is newer than 1.0.0.
✔ Python installed and configured correctly.
✔ The Python 'six' package is found.
✔ Xcode version 13.3.1 satisfies minimum required version 10.
✔ Getting NativeScript components versions information...
⚠ Update available for component nativescript. Your current version is 8.1.5 and the latest available version is 8.4.0.
⚠ Update available for component @nativescript/core. Your current version is 8.3.5 and the latest available version is 8.4.6.
⚠ Update available for component @nativescript/ios. Your current version is 8.2.3 and the latest available version is 8.4.1.
⚠ Update available for component @nativescript/android. Your current version is 8.1.1 and the latest available version is 8.4.0.

请问是否有办法控制构建时使用的Gradle版本？

解决方法 #

1. 锁定@nativescript/android版本 #

项目package.json已指定@nativescript/android为8.1.1，但可能存在缓存或依赖解析异常：

• 删除node_modules、package-lock.json（或yarn.lock）
• 重新执行npm install
• 检查package-lock.json中@nativescript/android的版本是否为8.1.1，确保未被意外升级

2. 手动指定Gradle版本 #

在项目根目录的App_Resources/Android/buildscript.gradle文件（不存在则创建）中添加以下内容，强制指定兼容的Gradle版本：

buildscript {
    ext {
        gradleVersion = "7.4.2" // 适配@nativescript/android 8.1.1的Gradle版本
        androidPluginVersion = "7.2.3" // 对应Android Gradle插件版本
    }
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath "com.android.tools.build:gradle:$androidPluginVersion"
    }
}

注意：版本需与@nativescript/android 8.1.1匹配，避免使用错误的版本号（如日志中缺失一位的7.3.）

3. 彻底清理缓存 #

执行以下命令清理NativeScript和项目缓存：

tns clean
rm -rf ~/.nativescript
rm -rf platforms/android

之后重新构建项目：

tns build android

4. 对齐全局CLI版本 #

全局NativeScript CLI版本（8.1.5）与项目依赖的@nativescript/android版本可能存在兼容性问题，降级全局CLI到匹配版本：

npm install -g nativescript@8.1.5

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者David