CMake无法定位头文件的报错问题及解决方法咨询

base目录下的CMakeLists.txt内容：

# leaf files
add_library(Account "")

target_sources(Account
  PRIVATE
        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/Account.cpp
  PUBLIC
        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/Account.h
        )

target_include_directories( Account
        PUBLIC
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}
        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/initial/initial
  )

编译报错信息 #

====================[ Build | all | Debug ]=====================================
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 2020.2.1\bin\cmake\win\bin\cmake.exe" --build C:\Users\pc\git\cmake_test\cmake-build-debug --target all -- -j 3
Scanning dependencies of target Account
[ 37%] Built target Initial
[ 25%] Building CXX object src/models/CMakeFiles/SavingsAccount.dir/SavingsAccount.cpp.obj
[ 50%] Building CXX object src/models/base/CMakeFiles/Account.dir/Account.cpp.obj
C:\Users\pc\git\cmake_test\src\models\SavingsAccount.cpp:6:10: fatal error: initial/initial/initial.h: No such file or directory
    6 | #include <initial/initial/initial.h>
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
C:\Users\pc\git\cmake_test\src\models\base\Account.cpp:6:10: fatal error: initial/initial/initial.h: No such file or directory
    6 | #include <initial/initial/initial.h>
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
mingw32-make[2]: *** [src\models\CMakeFiles\SavingsAccount.dir\build.make:83: src/models/CMakeFiles/SavingsAccount.dir/SavingsAccount.cpp.obj] Error 1
mingw32-make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles\Makefile2:231: src/models/CMakeFiles/SavingsAccount.dir/all] Error 2
mingw32-make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
mingw32-make[2]: *** [src\models\base\CMakeFiles\Account.dir\build.make:83: src/models/base/CMakeFiles/Account.dir/Account.cpp.obj] Error 1
mingw32-make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles\Makefile2:204: src/models/base/CMakeFiles/Account.dir/all] Error 2
mingw32-make: *** [makefile:103: all] Error 2

问题原因 #

你在target_include_directories里指定了${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/initial/initial，但代码里写的是#include <initial/initial/initial.h>，相当于编译器要找${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/initial/initial/initial/initial/initial.h，路径多嵌套了一层，自然找不到文件。

解决方法 #

方法1：修正CMake包含路径

把target_include_directories里的路径改成项目根目录${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}，这样编译器就能从根目录定位到initial/initial/initial.h：

target_include_directories( Account
        PUBLIC
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}
        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
  )

方法2：调整头文件包含语句

如果不想改CMake配置，把代码里的包含语句改成#include "initial.h"，同时保留${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/initial/initial的包含路径，编译器会直接在该目录下查找initial.h：

#include "initial.h"

方法3：更规范的CMake依赖管理

从报错看已经有Initial目标，建议给Initial目标单独配置包含目录，然后让Account链接Initial，CMake会自动传递包含路径，避免手动维护：

1. 在initial/initial目录的CMakeLists.txt中添加：

add_library(Initial "")
target_sources(Initial PRIVATE initial.cpp PUBLIC initial.h)
target_include_directories(Initial PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR})

2. 修改base目录的CMakeLists.txt：

add_library(Account "")
target_sources(Account PRIVATE Account.cpp PUBLIC Account.h)
target_include_directories(Account PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR})
# 链接Initial目标，自动获取其包含目录
target_link_libraries(Account PUBLIC Initial)

3. 代码里的包含语句改为：

#include <initial.h>

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user366312