Mac M1编译含x86汇编的C++项目：需改Makefile还是代码？

已安装Xcode及所有C/C++库，尝试在Mac M1芯片上编译项目，甚至试过UTM/Ubuntu虚拟机，但均失败。编译时出现汇编约束无效、__builtin_ia32系列内置函数未定义、SSE头文件仅支持x86架构等错误，咨询仅修改Makefile能否解决问题，还是需要修改项目代码？

Makefile代码 #

default:
    g++ -O3 -c oldbloom/bloom.cpp -o oldbloom.o
    g++ -O3 -c bloom/bloom.cpp -o bloom.o
#   g++ -O3 -c sha256/sha256.c -o sha256.o
    gcc -O3 -c base58/base58.c -o base58.o
    gcc -O3 -c rmd160/rmd160.c -o rmd160.o
    g++ -O3 -c sha3/sha3.c -o sha3.o
    g++ -O3 -c sha3/keccak.c -o keccak.o
    gcc -O3 -c xxhash/xxhash.c -o xxhash.o
    g++ -O3 -c util.c -o util.o
    g++ -m64 -mssse3 -Wno-unused-result -Wno-write-strings -O2 -c secp256k1/Int.cpp -o Int.o
    g++ -m64 -mssse3 -Wno-unused-result -Wno-write-strings -O2 -c secp256k1/Point.cpp -o Point.o
    g++ -m64 -mssse3 -Wno-unused-result -Wno-write-strings -O2 -c secp256k1/SECP256K1.cpp -o SECP256K1.o
    g++ -m64 -mssse3 -Wno-unused-result -Wno-write-strings -O2 -c secp256k1/IntMod.cpp -o IntMod.o
    g++ -m64 -mssse3 -Wno-unused-result -Wno-write-strings -O2 -c secp256k1/Random.cpp -o Random.o
    g++ -m64 -mssse3 -Wno-unused-result -Wno-write-strings -O2 -c secp256k1/IntGroup.cpp -o IntGroup.o
    g++ -m64 -mssse3 -Wno-write-strings -O2 -o hash/ripemd160.o -c hash/ripemd160.cpp
    g++ -m64 -mssse3 -Wno-write-strings -O2 -o hash/sha256.o -c hash/sha256.cpp
    g++ -m64 -mssse3 -Wno-write-strings -O2 -o hash/ripemd160_sse.o -c hash/ripemd160_sse.cpp
    g++ -m64 -mssse3 -Wno-write-strings -O2 -o hash/sha256_sse.o -c hash/sha256_sse.cpp
    g++ -o keyhunt keyhunt.cpp base58.o rmd160.o  hash/ripemd160.o hash/ripemd160_sse.o hash/sha256.o hash/sha256_sse.o bloom.o oldbloom.o xxhash.o util.o Int.o  Point.o SECP256K1.o  IntMod.o  Random.o IntGroup.o sha3.o keccak.o  -lm -lpthread
    rm -r *.o
clean:
    rm keyhunt

编译错误信息 #

In file included from secp256k1/Int.cpp:18:
secp256k1/Int.h:204:27: error: invalid output constraint '=d' in asm
  __asm__( "mulq  %[b];" :"=d"(rhi),"=a"(rlo) :"1"(a),[b]"rm"(b));
                          ^
secp256k1/Int.h:211:43: error: invalid output constraint '=D' in asm
  __asm__ ("movq %1,%0;shrdq %3,%2,%0;" : "=D"(c) : "r"(a),"r"(b),"c"(n));
                                          ^
secp256k1/Int.h:218:43: error: invalid output constraint '=D' in asm
  __asm__ ("movq %1,%0;shldq %3,%2,%0;" : "=D"(c) : "r"(b),"r"(a),"c"(n));
                                          ^
secp256k1/Int.h:234:7: error: use of undeclared identifier '__builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64'
  c = _addcarry_u64(c, _umul128(x[1], y, &h), carry, dst + 1); carry = h;
      ^
secp256k1/Int.h:223:32: note: expanded from macro '_addcarry_u64'
#define _addcarry_u64(a,b,c,d) __builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64(a,b,c,(long long unsigned int*)d);
                               ^
secp256k1/Int.h:235:7: error: use of undeclared identifier '__builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64'
  c = _addcarry_u64(c, _umul128(x[2], y, &h), carry, dst + 2); carry = h;
      ^
secp256k1/Int.h:223:32: note: expanded from macro '_addcarry_u64'
#define _addcarry_u64(a,b,c,d) __builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64(a,b,c,(long long unsigned int*)d);
                               ^
secp256k1/Int.h:236:7: error: use of undeclared identifier '__builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64'
  c = _addcarry_u64(c, _umul128(x[3], y, &h), carry, dst + 3); carry = h;
      ^
secp256k1/Int.h:223:32: note: expanded from macro '_addcarry_u64'
#define _addcarry_u64(a,b,c,d) __builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64(a,b,c,(long long unsigned int*)d);
                               ^
secp256k1/Int.h:237:7: error: use of undeclared identifier '__builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64'
  c = _addcarry_u64(c, _umul128(x[4], y, &h), carry, dst + 4); carry = h;
      ^
secp256k1/Int.h:223:32: note: expanded from macro '_addcarry_u64'
#define _addcarry_u64(a,b,c,d) __builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64(a,b,c,(long long unsigned int*)d);
                               ^
secp256k1/Int.h:253:7: error: use of undeclared identifier '__builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64'
  c = _addcarry_u64(c, _umul128(x[1], y, &h), carry, dst + 1); carry = h;
      ^
secp256k1/Int.h:223:32: note: expanded from macro '_addcarry_u64'
#define _addcarry_u64(a,b,c,d) __builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64(a,b,c,(long long unsigned int*)d);
                               ^
secp256k1/Int.h:254:7: error: use of undeclared identifier '__builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64'
  c = _addcarry_u64(c, _umul128(x[2], y, &h), carry, dst + 2); carry = h;
      ^
secp256k1/Int.h:223:32: note: expanded from macro '_addcarry_u64'
#define _addcarry_u64(a,b,c,d) __builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64(a,b,c,(long long unsigned int*)d);
                               ^
secp256k1/Int.h:255:7: error: use of undeclared identifier '__builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64'
  c = _addcarry_u64(c, _umul128(x[3], y, &h), carry, dst + 3); carry = h;
      ^
secp256k1/Int.h:223:32: note: expanded from macro '_addcarry_u64'
#define _addcarry_u64(a,b,c,d) __builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64(a,b,c,(long long unsigned int*)d);
                               ^
secp256k1/Int.h:262:3: error: use of undeclared identifier '__builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64'
  _addcarry_u64(c, 0ULL, carry, dst + (NB64BLOCK - 1));
  ^
secp256k1/Int.h:223:32: note: expanded from macro '_addcarry_u64'
#define _addcarry_u64(a,b,c,d) __builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64(a,b,c,(long long unsigned int*)d);
                               ^
In file included from secp256k1/Int.cpp:24:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/14.0.0/include/emmintrin.h:14:2: error: "This header is only meant to be used on x86 and x64 architecture"
#error "This header is only meant to be used on x86 and x64 architecture"
 ^
In file included from secp256k1/Int.cpp:24:
In file included from /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/14.0.0/include/emmintrin.h:17:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/14.0.0/include/xmmintrin.h:14:2: error: "This header is only meant to be used on x86 and x64 architecture"
#error "This header is only meant to be used on x86 and x64 architecture"
 ^
In file included from secp256k1/Int.cpp:24:
In file included from /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/14.0.0/include/emmintrin.h:17:
In file included from /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/14.0.0/include/xmmintrin.h:17:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/14.0.0/include/mmintrin.h:14:2: error: "This header is only meant to be used on x86 and x64 architecture"
#error "This header is only meant to be used on x86 and x64 architecture"
 ^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/14.0.0/include/mmintrin.h:37:5: error: use of undeclared identifier '__builtin_ia32_emms'; did you mean '__builtin_isless'?
    __builtin_ia32_emms();
    ^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/14.0.0/include/mmintrin.h:37:5: note: '__builtin_isless' declared here
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/14.0.0/include/mmintrin.h:37:25: error: too few arguments to function call, expected 2, have 0
    __builtin_ia32_emms();
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/14.0.0/include/mmintrin.h:54:19: error: use of undeclared identifier '__builtin_ia32_vec_init_v2si'
    return (__m64)__builtin_ia32_vec_init_v2si(__i, 0);
                  ^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/14.0.0/include/mmintrin.h:71:12: error: use of undeclared identifier '__builtin_ia32_vec_ext_v2si'
    return __builtin_ia32_vec_ext_v2si((__v2si)__m, 0);
           ^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/14.0.0/include/mmintrin.h:133:19: error: use of undeclared identifier '__builtin_ia32_packsswb'
    return (__m64)__builtin_ia32_packsswb((__v4hi)__m1, (__v4hi)__m2);
                  ^
fatal error: too many errors emitted, stopping now [-ferror-limit=]
20 errors generated.

解答 #

仅修改Makefile无法解决问题，必须修改项目代码，核心原因如下：

1. 架构专属的内联汇编：错误中的=d、=D是x86架构特有的寄存器约束，M1属于ARM64架构，寄存器命名和约束规则完全不同，这些硬编码的内联汇编无法在ARM平台运行，必须重写为ARM兼容的内联汇编，或者改用纯C/C++逻辑替代。
2. x86特有的内置函数：__builtin_ia32_addcarryx_u64是GCC为x86架构提供的专用内置函数，ARM平台没有对应实现，需要替换为ARM架构的等效内置函数（如__builtin_arm_addc系列），或者用标准C代码手动实现进位加法逻辑。
3. SSE指令集依赖：项目引用的emmintrin.h、xmmintrin.h是x86架构SSE指令集的头文件，ARM平台不支持SSE，而是使用NEON指令集。涉及SSE的优化代码（如hash/ripemd160_sse.cpp、hash/sha256_sse.cpp）需要重写为NEON版本，或者移除SSE优化路径，改用通用实现。

如果UTM/Ubuntu虚拟机编译失败，可能是虚拟机默认采用ARM64架构，可尝试切换到x86_64架构的虚拟机，此时可修改Makefile移除-mssse3等x86特定编译选项，但如果项目硬编码了x86专属实现，仍需修改代码适配。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者lepy