Windows10下Docker构建Django镜像时pip安装连接失败求助

问题描述 #

在Windows 10系统下，通过CMD执行Docker构建Django项目镜像时，pip安装requirements.txt依赖包失败，报错核心为DNS解析失败（Temporary failure in name resolution），无法连接到PyPI服务器。

我的Dockerfile内容： #

FROM python:3.8-slim-buster
WORKDIR /main
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
EXPOSE 8000
CMD python manage.py runserver

构建命令及报错日志： #

E:\Satya_Django_TODO_APP\todo>docker build -t my_image --rm .
[+] Building 95.5s (8/9)
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                      0.0s 
 => => transferring dockerfile: 32B                                                       0.0s 
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                         0.0s 
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                           0.0s 
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.8-slim-buster                 2.2s 
 => [1/5] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.8-slim-buster@sha256:0b92aced9b0e52b16870a7c09  0.0s 
 => [internal] load build context                                                         0.1s 
 => => transferring context: 28.89kB                                                      0.0s 
 => CACHED [2/5] WORKDIR /main                                                            0.0s 
 => CACHED [3/5] COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt                                   0.0s 
 => ERROR [4/5] RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt                                     93.0s 
------
 > [4/5] RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt:
#8 13.02 WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7f04029205e0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution')': /simple/aioredis/
#8 15.23 Collecting aioredis==1.3.1
#8 25.24   WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7f0402d7c4c0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution')': /packages/b0/64/1b1612d0a104f21f80eb4c6e1b6075f2e6aba8e228f46f229cfd3fdac859/aioredis-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl
#8 35.75   WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7f0402d7c730>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution')': /packages/b0/64/1b1612d0a104f21f80eb4c6e1b6075f2e6aba8e228f46f229cfd3fdac859/aioredis-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl
#8 46.77   WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7f0402d7c910>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution')': /packages/b0/64/1b1612d0a104f21f80eb4c6e1b6075f2e6aba8e228f46f229cfd3fdac859/aioredis-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl
#8 58.78   WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7f0402d7cb20>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution')': /packages/b0/64/1b1612d0a104f21f80eb4c6e1b6075f2e6aba8e228f46f229cfd3fdac859/aioredis-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl
#8 72.80   WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7f0402d7cca0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution')': /packages/b0/64/1b1612d0a104f21f80eb4c6e1b6075f2e6aba8e228f46f229cfd3fdac859/aioredis-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl
#8 82.81 ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /packages/b0/64/1b1612d0a104f21f80eb4c6e1b6075f2e6aba8e228f46f229cfd3fdac859/aioredis-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (Caused by NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7f0402d7ce50>: Failed to 
establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution'))
#8 82.81
------
executor failed running [/bin/sh -c pip3 install -r requirements.txt]: exit code: 1

原因分析 #

该错误是Docker构建阶段，容器内部无法解析外部域名导致的，常见诱因包括：

• Docker DNS配置异常，无法获取正确的域名解析服务器
• Windows防火墙/第三方安全软件拦截了Docker的网络请求
• WSL2后端网络配置冲突（若使用WSL2作为Docker后端）
• 代理设置干扰DNS解析

解决方案 #

1. 手动指定Docker DNS服务器 #

打开Docker Desktop，依次进入Settings > Resources > Network，在DNS服务器栏手动填写8.8.8.8（谷歌公共DNS）或114.114.114.114（国内公共DNS），取消"自动获取"选项，点击Apply & Restart重启Docker后重新构建。

2. 排查防火墙干扰 #

• 临时关闭Windows Defender防火墙，执行构建命令测试是否正常
• 若关闭后恢复正常，给Docker Desktop添加防火墙入站/出站规则，允许其访问网络
• 检查是否有第三方防火墙软件（如360、火绒），暂时禁用后测试

3. 修复WSL2网络配置（若使用WSL2后端） #

• 打开CMD执行以下命令重启WSL：

  wsl --shutdown
  

• 重启Docker Desktop，再尝试构建
• 若问题持续，创建WSL配置文件固定DNS：
  1. 进入WSL终端，创建/etc/wsl.conf文件：

     sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf
     

  2. 写入以下内容：

     [network]
     generateResolvConf = false
     

  3. 保存退出后，执行wsl --shutdown重启WSL
  4. 再次进入WSL终端，编辑/etc/resolv.conf：

     sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf
     

  5. 添加nameserver 8.8.8.8，保存退出

4. 更换PyPI镜像源 #

修改Dockerfile中的pip安装命令，指定国内高速镜像源，直接绕过DNS解析问题同时加速安装：

方法1：临时指定镜像

RUN pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

方法2：全局配置镜像

FROM python:3.8-slim-buster
WORKDIR /main
# 配置pip全局镜像源
RUN echo "[global]" > /etc/pip.conf \
    && echo "index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple" >> /etc/pip.conf
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
EXPOSE 8000
CMD python manage.py runserver

5. 检查代理设置 #

• 若Windows开启了代理，进入Docker Desktop Settings > Resources > Proxies，选择"Use the same proxy as Windows"，或手动填写正确的代理地址
• 若代理配置复杂，可尝试临时关闭代理后执行构建命令

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Satya Rai