Python在CMD与PyCharm中均无法找到导入模块问题求助

问题重现 #

运行以下Python代码时，PyCharm和CMD均提示找不到speech_recognition模块：

import os
#import time
import speech_recognition
from subprocess import call
from platform import python_version
home = os.path.expanduser("~")
from gtts import gTTS
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import pyaudio
import PyPDF2
print('Speech Recognition version ' + speech_recognition.__version__)

print('Attempting to read Preamble')
wav = "C:\Users\Owner\PycharmProjects\Government\Governing_documents\Preamble.wav"

recognizer = speech_recognition.Recognizer()
preamble = speech_recognition.AudioFile(wav)
with preamble as source:
    audio = recognizer.record(source)
type(audio)
recognizer.recognize_google(audio)

PyCharm报错：

C:\Users\Owner\PycharmProjects\Speech\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:\Users\Owner\PycharmProjects\Speech\Wav_to_Text.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Owner\PycharmProjects\Speech\Wav_to_Text.py", line 3, in <module>
    import speech_recognition
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'speech_recognition'

CMD报错：

C:\Users\Owner\PycharmProjects\Speech>python Wav_to_Text.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Owner\PycharmProjects\Speech\Wav_to_Text.py", line 3, in <module>
    import speech_recognition
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'speech_recognition'

解决方案 #

1. 确保包正确安装

注意安装时的包名是SpeechRecognition（首字母大写），导入时用speech_recognition，执行以下命令安装：

python -m pip install SpeechRecognition

验证安装：执行pip show SpeechRecognition，若返回包的版本、路径等信息则安装成功。

2. 匹配Python解释器与安装环境

• PyCharm环境：

  1. 打开File > Settings > Project: Speech > Python Interpreter
  2. 检查当前选中的解释器路径（如C:\Users\Owner\PycharmProjects\Speech\venv\Scripts\python.exe）
  3. 点击+号，搜索SpeechRecognition并安装到该解释器环境中

• CMD环境：

  1. 输入where python查看当前使用的Python路径
  2. 若路径是虚拟环境的Python（如venv\Scripts\python.exe），需先激活虚拟环境：

     C:\Users\Owner\PycharmProjects\Speech\venv\Scripts\activate
     

  3. 再执行安装命令，确保包安装到当前Python环境

3. 修复虚拟环境不一致问题

如果PyCharm用了虚拟环境，CMD运行脚本时必须先激活虚拟环境再执行：

cd C:\Users\Owner\PycharmProjects\Speech
venv\Scripts\activate
python Wav_to_Text.py

4. 卸载重装修复异常

若上述步骤无效，尝试卸载重装包：

pip uninstall SpeechRecognition
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
python -m pip install SpeechRecognition

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Jim