按JetBrains教程创建Kotlin应用时Gradle同步失败求助

问题 #

按照JetBrains官方教程创建基于Gradle Groovy的Kotlin应用时，构建失败。相关截图如下：

完整构建日志：

Starting Gradle Daemon...
Gradle Daemon started in 1 s 83 ms

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
A problem occurred configuring root project 'hello'.
> Could not resolve all files for configuration ':classpath'.
   > Could not resolve org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin-api:1.7.21.
     Required by:
         project : > org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm:org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm.gradle.plugin:1.7.21 > org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.21
      > Could not resolve org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin-api:1.7.21.
         > Could not get resource 'https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-gradle-plugin-api/1.7.21/kotlin-gradle-plugin-api-1.7.21.pom'.
            > Could not GET 'https://jcenter.bintray.com/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-gradle-plugin-api/1.7.21/kotlin-gradle-plugin-api-1.7.21.pom'. Received status code 403 from server: Forbidden
   // 省略重复的同类错误日志
* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 7s

问题原因 #

核心问题是JCenter仓库已停止服务。日志显示Gradle尝试从https://jcenter.bintray.com拉取Kotlin Gradle插件依赖时返回403 Forbidden，JCenter早在2021年就宣布停止新包上传，后续逐步关闭了公开访问，现在已无法正常获取依赖资源。

解决步骤 #

1. 替换仓库配置
   打开项目根目录下的build.gradle文件，将所有jcenter()仓库引用替换为mavenCentral()，示例如下：

buildscript {
    repositories {
        gradlePluginPortal()
        // 移除 jcenter()
        mavenCentral() // 添加Maven中央仓库
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.21"
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        gradlePluginPortal()
        // 移除 jcenter()
        mavenCentral() // 添加Maven中央仓库
    }
}

2. 升级Kotlin版本（可选但推荐）
   旧版本Kotlin Gradle插件可能默认依赖JCenter，建议升级到较新的稳定版（如1.9.x），新版本已适配Maven Central，同时能获得更多功能和Bug修复。修改build.gradle中的插件版本：

classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.9.20"

3. 清理缓存并重新构建
   执行以下命令清理Gradle缓存并强制刷新依赖：

• Linux/macOS：

./gradlew clean build --refresh-dependencies

• Windows：

gradlew.bat clean build --refresh-dependencies

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Farshid