如何在批处理中高效复制MKV/MP4文件的创建、修改等属性？

问题背景 #

在处理.mkv、.mp4视频格式转换的批处理工作中，目前通过三次独立调用PowerShell复制文件的CreationTime、LastWriteTime、LastAccessTime属性，但多次启动PowerShell进程导致处理速度偏低。需要实现单次PowerShell调用完成多属性复制，或找到无需PowerShell的更快方案，同时尽可能复制所有可修改的文件属性。

现有低效代码片段：

powershell ^(ls '!orig-file!'^).CreationTime = ^(ls '%%I'^).CreationTime
powershell ^(ls '!orig-file!'^).LastWriteTime = ^(ls '%%I'^).LastWriteTime
powershell ^(ls '!orig-file!'^).LastAccessTime = ^(ls '%%I'^).LastAccessTime

注：%%I为循环中的源文件路径，!output!为转换后的目标文件路径

优化方案 #

1. 单次PowerShell调用完成多属性复制 #

通过一次性启动PowerShell进程，完成所有时间属性（含UTC时间）、文件系统属性（只读、隐藏等）的复制，大幅减少进程启动开销。替换原有三行PowerShell命令为以下单行命令：

powershell $src=Get-Item '%%I'; $dest=Get-Item '!output!'; $dest.CreationTime=$src.CreationTime; $dest.LastWriteTime=$src.LastWriteTime; $dest.LastAccessTime=$src.LastAccessTime; $dest.CreationTimeUtc=$src.CreationTimeUtc; $dest.LastWriteTimeUtc=$src.LastWriteTimeUtc; $dest.LastAccessTimeUtc=$src.LastAccessTimeUtc; $dest.Attributes=$src.Attributes

• 该命令会复制源文件的所有时间戳属性（本地时间+UTC时间）以及文件系统属性（如只读、隐藏、存档等）
• 仅启动一次PowerShell进程，相比三次调用速度提升显著

2. 无需PowerShell的替代方案（需第三方工具） #

若完全不想依赖PowerShell，可使用轻量级命令行工具nircmd，通过以下命令复制时间属性：

nircmd setfiletime "!output!" "%%I" "%%I" "%%I"

• 语法：nircmd setfiletime <目标文件> <创建时间> <修改时间> <访问时间>，用源文件路径代替时间参数即可直接复制对应属性
• 需提前下载nircmd.exe并放入系统PATH或批处理同目录，否则需指定完整路径

修改后的完整批处理代码 #

@ECHO OFF
SETlocal

SET drive="~dp0"
SET string=%CD%  

SETlocal EnableExtensions EnableDelayedExpansion
SET "drive=G:"
SET ^"Exclude-AlltheseFolders=#snapshot,output^"
SET "Convert_Audio1=Y"
SET "Convert_TO=aac"
SET "Codec1=eac3"
SET "Codec2=flac"
SET "Codec3=dts" &SET "Codec4=pcm_s24le" &SET "Codec5=aac" &SET "Codec6=ac3"
SET "KeepExtraAudio_NoOrig=Y"
SET "KeepOrigAudio=N"
SET "OverWriteFiles=N"
SET "ExtractTime=Y"
SET "time_to_start_from=00:00:10" &SET "duration_to_capture=00:00:15"
SET "TempFilePath=C:\Windows\Temp\ffmpeg-CountingScript-AllFilesInCurrentDirlist%DT%--%HH%.%MM%.%SS%.txt"

IF !ExtractTime! == Y ( SET "FFmpgextractTime= -ss !time_to_start_from! -t !duration_to_capture!")
ECHO THIS IS JMK1
IF !OverWriteFiles! == Y (SET "OverWrite=-y ") ELSE (SET "OverWrite=-n ")
IF !Convert_Audio1! == Y (
    IF !Convert_TO! == aac ( set "Convert_TO=libfdk_aac" )
    SET "FFmpgConvertStream1=-c:a:0 !Convert_TO! -b:a:0 640k -disposition:a:0 default"
    IF !KeepExtraAudio_NoOrig! == Y (
        SET "FFmpgXtraStream=-c:a copy"
    )
    IF !KeepOrigAudio! == Y (
        SET "KeepOrigAudio_ffMpg=-map 0:a:0? -c:a:0 copy"
        SET "KeepExtraAudio_NoOrig=Y"
    )
) ELSE (
    SET "ConvertCodecs=1" 
    SET "KeepOrigAudio_ffMpg=-c:a:0 copy"
    SET "KeepExtraAudio_NoOrig=Y"
)
SET "delm1=^\^>" /c:"^\^<"
SET ^"Exclude-Final=/c:\"\^<!Exclude-AlltheseFolders!\^>"^"
SET ^"Exclude-Final=!Exclude-Final:,=%delm1%!^"

dir *.mkv *.mp4 /A-D-H /B /S |findstr /R %Exclude-Final% /v /i>%TempFilePath%
Echo:   These are the folders being Excluded:           "!Exclude-AlltheseFolders!"
SET "FINALCOMMAND="

SETlocal EnableExtensions DisableDelayedExpansion
SET "ProgramFolder=C:\Program Files\FFmpeg-v2020\bin"
SET "ProbeOptions=-v quiet -select_streams a:0 -show_entries "stream^^=codec_name" -of json"
SET "FilesFound=0" & SET "FilesEncoded=0" & SET "output="
for /F "delims=" %%I in (%TempFilePath%) do (
    SET "output=%drive%%%~pI%%~nxI" & SET folder=%drive%%%~pI & SET "filename=%%~nxI" & SET /A FilesFound+=1
    SETlocal EnableExtensions EnableDelayedExpansion
    IF exist "%drive%%%~pIoutput\%%~nxI" (SET "Convert_Audio1=N") ELSE SET "Convert_Audio1=Y"
    IF "!Convert_Audio1!" == "Y" (
        SET "AudioCodec=" & SET "ConvertCodecs="
        for /F "eol={ tokens=1,2 delims=,:[ ]{} " %%B in ('""%ProgramFolder%\ffprobe.exe" %ProbeOptions% "%%I""') do (
            IF "%%~B" == "codec_name" (
                IF not defined AudioCodec (
                    SET "AudioCodec=%%~C"
                )
                IF "%%~C" == "%Codec1%" (SET "ConvertCodecs=1"
            ) else IF "%%~C" == "%Codec2%" (SET "ConvertCodecs=1" & ECHO Codec is: %%~C
            ) else IF "%%~C" == "%Codec3%" (SET "ConvertCodecs=1" & ECHO Codec is: %%~C
            ) else IF "%%~C" == "%Codec4%" (SET "ConvertCodecs=1" & ECHO Codec is: %%~C
            ) else IF "%%~C" == "%Codec5%" (SET "ConvertCodecs=1" & ECHO Codec is: %%~C
            ) else IF "%%~C" == "%Codec6%" (SET "ConvertCodecs=1" & ECHO Codec is: %%~C
            )
        )
    )

IF !ConvertCodecs! == 1 (
    ECHO [91m==!TIME!================[0m!Codec1! [94min[0m- %%I [91m=========[0m
)

IF !ConvertCodecs! == 1 (
    IF /I "!output!" == "%%I" (
        SET "output=%~dp0output\!filename!"
        MKDIR "%~dp0output\"
    ) ELSE (
        MKDIR "%drive%%%~pI"
    )
        SET "FINALCOMMAND=ffmpeg !OverWrite!-hide_banner%FFmpgextractTime% -loglevel quiet -hwaccel auto -stats -i "%%I" -map 0:v -map_metadata 0 -movflags use_metadata_tags -map 0:a? -map 0:s:0? -c:s:0 copy -c:v copy %FFmpgXtraStream% %FFmpgConvertStream1% %KeepOrigAudio_ffMpg% "!output!" "
        ECHO this is the command1: !FINALCOMMAND!
        !FINALCOMMAND!
        ECHO [91m=====[0mCOMPLETE[91m===============[0m .
        IF not %FilesEncoded% == 0 ECHO     This one was a failure. Count Encoded so far: "%FilesEncoded%"
        IF not errorlevel 1 SET /A FilesEncoded+=1
        powershell $src=Get-Item '%%I'; $dest=Get-Item '!output!'; $dest.CreationTime=$src.CreationTime; $dest.LastWriteTime=$src.LastWriteTime; $dest.LastAccessTime=$src.LastAccessTime; $dest.CreationTimeUtc=$src.CreationTimeUtc; $dest.LastWriteTimeUtc=$src.LastWriteTimeUtc; $dest.LastAccessTimeUtc=$src.LastAccessTimeUtc; $dest.Attributes=$src.Attributes

        for /F "delims=" %%p in ("!ConvertCodecs!") do (
            ECHO THIS IS P: %%p
            ENDLOCAL
            SET /A FilesEncoded=%%p+FilesEncoded
        )

    ) ELSE ( ECHO ##NOT PROCESSING##: !TIME! - %%I ## & ECHO [91m=====--[0mFILE ALREADY EXISTS! [91m======================[0m Next File [91m===========================[0m )
    )
)

IF %FilesFound% == 1 ( SET "PluralS=" ) else SET "PluralS=s"
ECHO [91m***************************************************************************************[0m
ECHO Re-encoded %FilesEncoded% of %FilesFound% video file%PluralS%.
ECHO [91m***************************************************************************************[0m
endlocal
endlocal
endlocal
exit /b

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者hsgg4