使用auto-py-to-exe打包含图片的Kivy程序为EXE时加载图片失败

程序代码 #

test.kv文件 #

MainWidget:    
<MainWidget>:
        canvas.before:
            Rectangle:
                size:self.size
                source:'bgi.jpg'

Main.py文件 #

from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
class MainWidget(Widget):pass
class TestApp(App):pass
TestApp().run()

打包后报错信息 #

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "kivy\lang\builder.py", line 925, in _build_canvas
  File "kivy\graphics\instructions.pyx", line 380, in kivy.graphics.instructions.VertexInstruction.source.__set__
  File "kivy\graphics\context_instructions.pyx", line 431, in kivy.graphics.context_instructions.BindTexture.source.__set__
  File "kivy\core\image\__init__.py", line 561, in __init__
  File "kivy\core\image\__init__.py", line 754, in _set_filename
  File "kivy\core\image\__init__.py", line 460, in load
  File "kivy\core\image\__init__.py", line 223, in __init__
  File "kivy\core\image\img_sdl2.py", line 47, in load
Exception: SDL2: Unable to load image

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "Main.py", line 9, in <module>
      File "kivy\app.py", line 954, in run
      File "kivy\app.py", line 923, in _run_prepare
      File "kivy\app.py", line 696, in load_kv
      File "kivy\lang\builder.py", line 305, in load_file
      File "kivy\lang\builder.py", line 405, in load_string
      File "kivy\uix\widget.py", line 470, in apply_class_lang_rules
      File "kivy\lang\builder.py", line 540, in apply
      File "kivy\lang\builder.py", line 595, in _apply_rule
      File "kivy\lang\builder.py", line 928, in _build_canvas
    kivy.lang.builder.BuilderException: Parser: File "C:\Users\User\Documents\Python scripts\Python class\Kivy projects\exe test\Main with image\test.kv", line 6:
    ...
          4:        Rectangle:
          5:            size:self.size
    >>    6:            source:'bgi.jpg'
          7:    Label:
          8:        id:lbl
    ...
    Exception: SDL2: Unable to load image
      File "kivy\lang\builder.py", line 925, in _build_canvas
      File "kivy\graphics\instructions.pyx", line 380, in kivy.graphics.instructions.VertexInstruction.source.__set__
      File "kivy\graphics\context_instructions.pyx", line 431, in kivy.graphics.context_instructions.BindTexture.source.__set__
      File "kivy\core\image\__init__.py", line 561, in __init__
      File "kivy\core\image\__init__.py", line 754, in _set_filename
      File "kivy\core\image\__init__.py", line 460, in load
      File "kivy\core\image\__init__.py", line 223, in __init__
      File "kivy\core\image\img_sdl2.py", line 47, in load

解决步骤 #

1. 修正资源路径定位 #

打包后程序的工作目录与开发环境不同，直接使用相对路径会导致找不到图片。修改代码，用Kivy内置的资源查找函数获取正确路径：

修改后的Main.py：

from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
from kivy.resources import resource_find

class MainWidget(Widget):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.image_path = resource_find('bgi.jpg')

class TestApp(App):
    pass

if __name__ == "__main__":
    TestApp().run()

对应的test.kv修改：

MainWidget:    
<MainWidget>:
        canvas.before:
            Rectangle:
                size:self.size
                source:self.image_path

2. 检查auto-py-to-exe的附加文件配置 #

• 在auto-py-to-exe界面的Additional Files区域，点击Add Files，分别添加test.kv和bgi.jpg。
• 打包完成后，确保生成的exe文件所在目录下，test.kv和bgi.jpg与exe处于同一层级。

3. 切换图片加载器（可选） #

若SDL2加载器仍报错，可切换为PIL加载器，在Main.py开头添加：

from kivy.core.image import Image, ImageLoaderPIL
Image.register_loader(ImageLoaderPIL)

4. 手动使用.spec文件打包（进阶） #

如果auto-py-to-exe自动配置不稳定，可手动生成.spec文件打包：

1. 运行命令：pyi-makespec Main.py
2. 打开生成的Main.spec，在datas列表中添加资源：

   datas = [('test.kv', '.'), ('bgi.jpg', '.')]
   

3. 执行打包命令：pyinstaller Main.spec

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Vishnu Balaji