如何通过CMake调整目标文件安装路径、命名及导出集配置

当前CMake配置 #

目标库定义 #

add_library( librevolta_runtime_x86 OBJECT
    crt0.S
    crti.S
    crtn.S
)

install( TARGETS librevolta_runtime_x86 EXPORT revolta
    OBJECTS DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib"
)

静态库依赖配置 #

add_library( revolta STATIC )

target_link_libraries( revolta
PUBLIC
    librevolta-runtime-x86
)

# 安装头文件与静态库
install( TARGETS revolta EXPORT revolta
    FILE_SET HEADERS    DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/include"
    ARCHIVE             DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib"
)

# 导出目标配置
install( EXPORT revolta DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib/cmake/revolta" )

当前安装结果 #

<CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX>/lib/objects-Debug/librevolta-runtime-x86/crt0.S.obj
<CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX>/lib/objects-Debug/librevolta-runtime-x86/crti.S.obj
<CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX>/lib/objects-Debug/librevolta-runtime-x86/crtn.S.obj

期望安装结果 #

<CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX>/lib/crt0.o
<CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX>/lib/crti.o
<CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX>/lib/crtn.o

需求 #

• 将目标文件从*.S.obj重命名为*.o
• 将所有目标文件直接安装至<CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX>/lib目录
• 确保librevolta_runtime_x86因依赖关系被加入revolta导出集

解决方法 #

1. 替换默认OBJECT目标安装规则，实现重命名与路径调整 #

CMake默认的OBJECT目标安装会生成嵌套路径和带冗余后缀的文件名，通过自定义install(FILES)规则结合生成器表达式手动处理：

add_library( librevolta_runtime_x86 OBJECT
    crt0.S
    crti.S
    crtn.S
)

# 自定义安装：复制目标文件到lib目录，并重命名为*.o
install(
    FILES $<TARGET_OBJECTS:librevolta_runtime_x86>
    DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib"
    RENAME $<PATH:GET_FILENAME,$<TARGET_OBJECTS:librevolta_runtime_x86>,NAME_WE>.o
)

其中$<PATH:GET_FILENAME,...NAME_WE>会提取目标文件的无后缀核心名称（如crt0.S.obj提取为crt0），手动追加.o完成重命名。

2. 确保OBJECT目标被加入导出集 #

显式将OBJECT目标纳入revolta导出集，同时设置导出名称匹配链接时的目标名：

# 设置导出名称，与target_link_libraries中使用的名称一致
set_target_properties(librevolta_runtime_x86 PROPERTIES
    EXPORT_NAME librevolta-runtime-x86
)

# 将OBJECT目标加入revolta导出集
install(
    TARGETS librevolta_runtime_x86
    EXPORT revolta
)

完整修改后的CMake配置 #

add_library( librevolta_runtime_x86 OBJECT
    crt0.S
    crti.S
    crtn.S
)

# 配置导出名称匹配链接目标名
set_target_properties(librevolta_runtime_x86 PROPERTIES
    EXPORT_NAME librevolta-runtime-x86
)

# 自定义安装规则：重命名并直接安装到lib目录
install(
    FILES $<TARGET_OBJECTS:librevolta_runtime_x86>
    DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib"
    RENAME $<PATH:GET_FILENAME,$<TARGET_OBJECTS:librevolta_runtime_x86>,NAME_WE>.o
)

# 将OBJECT目标加入导出集
install(
    TARGETS librevolta_runtime_x86
    EXPORT revolta
)

add_library( revolta STATIC )

target_link_libraries( revolta
PUBLIC
    librevolta-runtime-x86
)

install( TARGETS revolta EXPORT revolta
    FILE_SET HEADERS    DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/include"
    ARCHIVE             DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib"
)

install( EXPORT revolta DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib/cmake/revolta" )

说明 #

• $<TARGET_OBJECTS:librevolta_runtime_x86>用于获取OBJECT目标生成的所有目标文件路径
• $<PATH:GET_FILENAME,...NAME_WE>是CMake 3.20+支持的生成器表达式，若使用更低版本CMake，可通过string(REPLACE)命令提前处理文件名，但推荐升级至3.20+以简化配置
• 显式导出OBJECT目标可保证依赖关系在导出的CMake配置中正确传递

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Martin Kopecký