FedEx REST API上传文档遇503错误：脚本问题还是仅支持生产环境？

我正在用Python测试FedEx REST API，已完成认证且能正常执行运单验证，但调用Upload Documents的POST请求时遇到503错误。FedEx官方文档缺少该接口的正确示例，当前收到的错误响应为：

{
"customerTransactionId": "12XXXXXX",
"errors":[
{
"code":"SERVICE.NOT.AVAILABLE",
"message":"Enterprise Document Upload Service Unavailable"
}
]
}

我的请求代码如下：

url = "https://documentapitest.prod.fedex.com/sandbox/documents/v1/etds/upload"

f = open("file.txt", "rb")
text_data = f.read()
f.close()


headers = {
    "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data",
    "x-customer-transaction-id": "12XXXXXX",
    "Authorization": f"Bearer {access_token}",
}

response = requests.post(
    url,
    files=dict(
        document='{"workflowName":"ETDPreshipment","name":"file.txt","contentType":"text/plain","meta":{"shipDocumentType":"COMMERCIAL_INVOICE","originCountryCode":"DK","destinationCountryCode":"BE"}',
        attachment=("file.txt", text_data, "text/plain")
    ),
    headers=headers,
)

print(response.text)

可能的问题及解决方向 #

1. 沙箱环境权限与可用性 #

FedEx部分API的沙箱环境功能受限，Upload Documents API可能仅对生产环境开放：

• 先确认你的FedEx开发者账号是否已开通沙箱环境下的文档上传权限
• 若权限没问题仍报错，可尝试切换至生产环境端点（注意：生产环境会产生真实业务数据，操作前需确认业务需求）

2. 请求格式错误 #

你的代码存在两处明显问题：

• JSON语法不完整：document字段的JSON字符串末尾缺少闭合的}}，正确格式应为：

  {"workflowName":"ETDPreshipment","name":"file.txt","contentType":"text/plain","meta":{"shipDocumentType":"COMMERCIAL_INVOICE","originCountryCode":"DK","destinationCountryCode":"BE"}}
  

• 手动设置Content-Type导致请求异常：使用requests的files参数发送multipart请求时，库会自动生成包含boundary的Content-Type头部，手动设置"Content-Type": "multipart/form-data"会覆盖该自动生成的头部，导致服务器无法解析请求。需删除headers中的此字段。

修正后的代码：

import requests

url = "https://documentapitest.prod.fedex.com/sandbox/documents/v1/etds/upload"

with open("file.txt", "rb") as f:
    text_data = f.read()

headers = {
    "x-customer-transaction-id": "12XXXXXX",
    "Authorization": f"Bearer {access_token}",
}

response = requests.post(
    url,
    files={
        # 为document字段指定application/json类型，明确告知服务器数据格式
        "document": (None, '{"workflowName":"ETDPreshipment","name":"file.txt","contentType":"text/plain","meta":{"shipDocumentType":"COMMERCIAL_INVOICE","originCountryCode":"DK","destinationCountryCode":"BE"}}', "application/json"),
        "attachment": ("file.txt", text_data, "text/plain")
    },
    headers=headers,
)

print(response.text)

3. 端点URL正确性 #

核对FedEx官方文档中的沙箱环境端点地址，确认documentapitest.prod.fedex.com是否为当前有效沙箱域名。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者mfcss