Laravel执行npm install && npm run dev报错，需安装适配的Node.js

问题描述 #

在Laravel项目中执行npm install && npm run dev时触发报错，核心错误信息如下：

WARN engine sass@1.57.1: wanted: {"node":">=12.0.0"} (current: {"node":"8.10.0"})
npm WARN deprecated popper.js@1.16.1: You can find the new Popper v2 at @popperjs/core, this package is dedicated to the legacy v1
npm WARN deprecated axios@0.19.2: Critical security vulnerability fixed in v0.21.1. For more information, see https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3410
WARN engine vue-trumbowyg@3.6.2: wanted: {"node":">= 6.9.0","npm":">= 3.10.8"}
WARN engine @coreui/coreui@2.1.16: wanted: {"node":">= 8.7","npm":">= 5"}
npm ERR! Linux 4.15.0-197-generic
npm ERR! argv "/usr/bin/node" "/usr/bin/npm" "install"
npm ERR! node v8.10.0
npm ERR! npm  v3.5.2
npm ERR! code EMISSINGARG

npm ERR! typeerror Error: Missing required argument #1
npm ERR! typeerror     at andLogAndFinish (/usr/share/npm/lib/fetch-package-metadata.js:31:3)
npm ERR! typeerror     at fetchPackageMetadata (/usr/share/npm/lib/fetch-package-metadata.js:51:22)
npm ERR! typeerror     at resolveWithNewModule (/usr/share/npm/lib/install/deps.js:456:12)
npm ERR! typeerror     at /usr/share/npm/lib/install/deps.js:457:7
npm ERR! typeerror     at /usr/share/npm/node_modules/iferr/index.js:13:50
npm ERR! typeerror     at /usr/share/npm/lib/fetch-package-metadata.js:37:12
npm ERR! typeerror     at addRequestedAndFinish (/usr/share/npm/lib/fetch-package-metadata.js:82:5)
npm ERR! typeerror     at returnAndAddMetadata (/usr/share/npm/lib/fetch-package-metadata.js:117:7)
npm ERR! typeerror     at pickVersionFromRegistryDocument (/usr/share/npm/lib/fetch-package-metadata.js:134:20)
npm ERR! typeerror     at /usr/share/npm/node_modules/iferr/index.js:13:50
npm ERR! typeerror This is an error with npm itself. Please report this error at:
npm ERR! typeerror     <http://github.com/npm/npm/issues>

npm ERR! Please include the following file with any support request:
npm ERR!     /var/www/market2/growex2/npm-debug.log

报错根源是当前Node.js（v8.10.0）和npm（v3.5.2）版本过低，无法满足项目依赖包的版本要求，同时旧版npm存在自身bug导致EMISSINGARG错误。

解决步骤 #

1. 卸载旧版本Node.js和npm #

针对Ubuntu/Debian系统，执行以下命令清理旧版本：

sudo apt remove nodejs npm -y
sudo apt autoremove -y
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/lib/node_modules /usr/local/bin/npm /usr/local/bin/node

2. 安装Node版本管理器（nvm） #

nvm可快速切换Node.js版本，避免版本冲突：

curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash

执行后重启终端，或运行以下命令让nvm生效（bash用.bashrc，zsh用.zshrc）：

source ~/.bashrc

3. 安装适配的Node.js版本 #

根据依赖最低要求，选择>=12.0.0的LTS版本（推荐16.x或18.x，稳定性更强）：

# 安装Node.js 16.x LTS版本
nvm install 16
# 设置为默认版本
nvm alias default 16

若项目根目录存在.nvmrc文件，直接执行nvm install即可自动安装指定版本。

4. 验证版本 #

确认Node.js和npm版本符合要求：

node -v # 输出应为v16.x.x或更高
npm -v # 对应npm版本应为8.x或更高

5. 重新执行npm命令 #

回到Laravel项目根目录，清理旧依赖缓存后重新安装：

rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json
npm install && npm run dev

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Artem D