Spring Boot STOMP WebSocket启用Java模块后找不到jakarta.websocket

我使用IntelliJ和Gradle，基于Spring Boot框架开发STOMP WebSocket客户端与服务器，此前非模块化版本可正常运行。改为Java模块系统后，启动服务器应用时出现如下异常：

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'stompWebSocketHandlerMapping' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/web/socket/config/annotation/DelegatingWebSocketMessageBrokerConfiguration.class]: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping]: Factory method 'stompWebSocketHandlerMapping' threw exception with message: jakarta/websocket/Endpoint
    at spring.beans@6.0.4/org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:657) ~[spring-beans-6.0.4.jar:na]
    at spring.beans@6.0.4/org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:645) ~[spring-beans-6.0.4.jar:na]
    at spring.beans@6.0.4/org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1324) ~[spring-beans-6.0.4.jar:na]
    at spring.beans@6.0.4/org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1161) ~[spring-beans-6.0.4.jar:na]
    at spring.beans@6.0.4/org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:561) ~[spring-beans-6.0.4.jar:na]
    at spring.beans@6.0.4/org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:521) ~[spring-beans-6.0.4.jar:na]
    at spring.beans@6.0.4/org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:326) ~[spring-beans-6.0.4.jar:na]
    at spring.beans@6.0.4/org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234) ~[spring-beans-6.0.4.jar:na]
    at spring.beans@6.0.4/org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:324) ~[spring-beans-6.0.4.jar:na]
    at spring.beans@6.0.4/org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:200) ~[spring-beans-6.0.4.jar:na]
    at spring.beans@6.0.4/org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:961) ~[spring-beans-6.0.4.jar:na]
    at spring.context@6.0.4/org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:915) ~[spring-context-6.0.4.jar:na]
    at spring.context@6.0.4/org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:584) ~[spring-context-6.0.4.jar:na]
    at spring.boot@3.0.2/org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:730) ~[spring-boot-3.0.2.jar:na]
    at spring.boot@3.0.2/org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:432) ~[spring-boot-3.0.2.jar:na]
    at spring.boot@3.0.2/org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:308) ~[spring-boot-3.0.2.jar:na]
    at spring.boot@3.0.2/org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1302) ~[spring-boot-3.0.2.jar:na]
    at spring.boot@3.0.2/org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1291) ~[spring-boot-3.0.2.jar:na]
    at com.chesolver.tl.wsserverdue/com.chesolver.tl.example1.server.MessagingStompWebsocketApplication.main(MessagingStompWebsocketApplication.java:10) ~[wsserver-plain.jar:na]
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping]: Factory method 'stompWebSocketHandlerMapping' threw exception with message: jakarta/websocket/Endpoint
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping]: Factory method 'stompWebSocketHandlerMapping' threw exception with message: jakarta/websocket/Endpoint

    at spring.beans@6.0.4/org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:171) ~[spring-beans-6.0.4.jar:na]
    at spring.beans@6.0.4/org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:653) ~[spring-beans-6.0.4.jar:na]
    ... 18 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: jakarta/websocket/Endpoint

排查后确认根源是找不到jakarta.websocket相关类。非模块化时代码运行正常，且spring-boot-starter-websocket理应自动引入Jakarta相关依赖，客户端应用也出现类似异常。

当前项目的build.gradle配置如下：

plugins {
    id 'java'
    id 'org.springframework.boot' version '3.0.2'
    id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.1.0'
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-websocket:3.0.2'
    implementation 'org.webjars:webjars-locator-core'
    implementation 'org.webjars:sockjs-client:1.0.2'
    implementation 'org.webjars:stomp-websocket:2.3.3'
    implementation 'org.webjars:bootstrap:3.3.7'
    implementation 'org.webjars:jquery:3.1.1-1'

    testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'

    implementation project(':core')
}

求各位提供解决思路！

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者CT95