GitHub Actions windows-latest环境下Kivy安装失败求助

问题描述 #

尝试通过GitHub Actions自动化构建依赖Kivy的Python程序Windows二进制包，Linux和Windows手动构建版本可正常使用，但runs-on: windows-latest的工作流中Kivy安装失败，相同逻辑在ubuntu-latest环境运行正常。

GitHub Actions工作流 #

# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python
# For more information see: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/automating-builds-and-tests/building-and-testing-python

name: compile-source-windows

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, master]
    paths:
      - "**/src/*.py"
      - "**/src/*.bat"
      - "**/src/*.sh"
      - "**/compile-source-windows.yml"
  workflow_dispatch:

# on: workflow_dispatch
defaults:
  run:
    working-directory: "./source/01FormHelper/src/"

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: windows-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
        with:
          python-version: "3.10"

      - name: update pip and install python modules in pipenv
        run: |
          python -V
          pip install -U pip
          pip install pipenv
          pip install Kivy
          pip install kivy pyinstaller beautifulsoup4 setuptools cython 
          pipenv install cython 
          pipenv install kivy 
          pipenv install Kivy

错误日志 #

Installing kivy...
Error:  An error occurred while installing kivy!
Error text: Collecting kivy
  Downloading Kivy-2.1.0.tar.gz (23.8 MB)
     --------------------------------------- 23.8/23.8 MB 28.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies: started
  Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'error'

  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  � pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
  \u2502 exit code: 1
  \u2570\u2500> [13 lines of output]
      Collecting setuptools
        Downloading setuptools-66.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.3 MB)
           ---------------------------------------- 1.3/1.3 MB 26.6 MB/s eta 
0:00:00
      Collecting wheel
        Downloading wheel-0.38.4-py3-none-any.whl (36 kB)
      Collecting cython!=0.27,!=0.27.2,<=0.29.28,>=0.24
        Downloading Cython-0.29.28-py2.py3-none-any.whl (983 kB)
           ------------------------------------- 983.8/983.8 kB 20.7 MB/s eta 
0:00:00
      Collecting kivy_deps.gstreamer_dev~=0.3.3
        Downloading kivy_deps.gstreamer_dev-0.3.3-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl 
(3.9 MB)
           ---------------------------------------- 3.9/3.9 MB 35.2 MB/s eta 
0:00:00
      ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement 
kivy_deps.sdl2_dev~=0.4.5 (from versions: 0.5.1)
      ERROR: No matching distribution found for kivy_deps.sdl2_dev~=0.4.5
      
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem 
with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

� pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
\u2502 exit code: 1
\u2570\u2500> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with
pip.

Installation Failed
Installing Kivy...
Error:  An error occurred while installing Kivy!
Error text: Collecting kivy
  Using cached Kivy-2.1.0.tar.gz (23.8 MB)
  Installing build dependencies: started
  Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'error'

  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  � pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
  \u2502 exit code: 1
  \u2570\u2500> [10 lines of output]
      Collecting setuptools
        Using cached setuptools-66.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.3 MB)
      Collecting wheel
        Using cached wheel-0.38.4-py3-none-any.whl (36 kB)
      Collecting cython!=0.27,!=0.27.2,<=0.29.28,>=0.24
        Using cached Cython-0.29.28-py2.py3-none-any.whl (983 kB)
      Collecting kivy_deps.gstreamer_dev~=0.3.3
        Using cached kivy_deps.gstreamer_dev-0.3.3-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl 
(3.9 MB)
      ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement 
kivy_deps.sdl2_dev~=0.4.5 (from versions: 0.5.1)
      ERROR: No matching distribution found for kivy_deps.sdl2_dev~=0.4.5
      
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem 
with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

� pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
\u2502 exit code: 1
\u2570\u2500> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with
pip.

Installation Failed

问题分析 #

1. Python版本不匹配：工作流指定Python 3.10，但错误日志中显示下载的是cp311（Python 3.11）版本的kivy_deps.gstreamer_dev，说明实际运行环境的Python版本与指定版本不一致，导致依赖包版本不兼容。
2. Kivy版本依赖冲突：Kivy 2.1.0要求kivy_deps.sdl2_dev~=0.4.5，但当前PyPI上该依赖的可用版本只有0.5.1，版本范围不匹配导致安装失败。

解决方案 #

方案1：升级Kivy版本并锁定Python版本 #

使用对Windows兼容性更好的Kivy 2.2.1及以上版本，该版本依赖的kivy_deps版本与最新PyPI镜像兼容，同时强制锁定Python 3.10版本：

修改后的工作流：

name: compile-source-windows

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, master]
    paths:
      - "**/src/*.py"
      - "**/src/*.bat"
      - "**/src/*.sh"
      - "**/compile-source-windows.yml"
  workflow_dispatch:

defaults:
  run:
    working-directory: "./source/01FormHelper/src/"

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: windows-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
        with:
          python-version: "3.10"
          allow-prereleases: false  # 禁止预发布版本，确保使用指定的Python 3.10

      - name: 升级工具并安装依赖
        run: |
          python -V
          pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
          # 安装兼容Windows的Kivy版本及其他依赖
          pip install kivy==2.2.1 pyinstaller beautifulsoup4 cython

方案2：手动指定兼容的依赖版本（针对Kivy 2.1.0） #

若必须使用Kivy 2.1.0，可手动指定kivy_deps.sdl2_dev版本为0.5.1，覆盖Kivy的依赖要求：

# 在安装步骤中替换为：
pip install kivy==2.1.0 kivy_deps.sdl2_dev==0.5.1 kivy_deps.gstreamer_dev~=0.3.3 pyinstaller beautifulsoup4 cython

方案3：简化依赖安装流程 #

避免重复安装依赖（原工作流中多次安装Kivy、cython），统一使用pip或pipenv管理，减少冲突概率。若使用pipenv，建议先初始化虚拟环境再安装：

- name: 使用pipenv安装依赖
  run: |
    python -V
    pip install --upgrade pip pipenv
    pipenv install --dev kivy==2.2.1 pyinstaller beautifulsoup4 cython

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Prateek Raj Gautam