Ubuntu 22.04中Selenium 4搭配WebDriver Manager启动Firefox失败求助

问题详情 #

• 系统：Ubuntu 22.04
• Selenium版本：4.8
• 操作流程：
  1. 手动下载最新Geckodriver，设置可执行权限后移至/usr/local/bin/
  2. 安装WebDriver Manager后运行测试代码
• 测试代码：

# selenium 4 - updating geckodriver for firefox
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service as FirefoxService
from webdriver_manager.firefox import GeckoDriverManager

driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=FirefoxService(GeckoDriverManager().install()))

• 核心报错：

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Process unexpectedly closed with status 127

• 完整错误日志：

[WDM] - Downloading: 19.0kB [00:00, 13.9MB/s]                   
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/gizmo/PycharmProject/PythonProjects/web/firefox_selenium.py", line 6, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=Service(GeckoDriverManager().install()))
  File "/home/gizmo/PycharmProject/PythonProjects/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py", line 196, in __init__
    super().__init__(command_executor=executor, options=options, keep_alive=True)
  File "/home/gizmo/PycharmProject/PythonProjects/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 286, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "/home/gizmo/PycharmProject/PythonProjects/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 378, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "/home/gizmo/PycharmProject/PythonProjects/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 440, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "/home/gizmo/PycharmProject/PythonProjects/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 245, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Process unexpectedly closed with status 127

• 目标：通过WebDriver Manager管理Geckodriver并验证环境配置正确

解决步骤 #

1. 补装系统依赖库 #

Status 127多数是Geckodriver缺少运行依赖，执行以下命令安装必需库：

sudo apt install libx11-xcb1 libdbus-glib-1-2 libgtk-3-0 libxt6

2. 删除手动安装的Geckodriver避免冲突 #

WebDriver Manager会自动下载并管理独立的Geckodriver版本，手动放置的版本会导致路径冲突，执行删除：

sudo rm /usr/local/bin/geckodriver

3. 修正代码中的别名不一致问题 #

错误日志显示代码中使用了Service而非导入的FirefoxService，统一写法避免潜在问题，修改后的测试代码：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service as FirefoxService
from webdriver_manager.firefox import GeckoDriverManager

driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=FirefoxService(GeckoDriverManager().install()))
# 增加验证步骤，打开百度并打印标题
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
print("页面标题：", driver.title)
driver.quit()

4. 验证Geckodriver可独立运行 #

直接运行WebDriver Manager下载的Geckodriver，确认无依赖问题：

# 执行以下命令查看版本，路径会自动匹配下载的版本
~/.wdm/drivers/geckodriver/linux64/*/geckodriver --version

如果能正常输出版本信息，说明Geckodriver本身正常；若仍报错，重新执行步骤1补装依赖。

5. 确保Firefox版本兼容 #

Selenium 4.8需要匹配对应版本的Firefox，检查并更新Firefox：

# 查看当前版本
firefox --version
# 更新到最新版本
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade firefox

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Gizmo