Windows10安装psqlparse==1.0rc7时wheel构建失败如何解决？

已尝试的安装方法 #

三种方法均触发相同的wheel构建错误：

• 方法1：基础pip安装

pip install psqlparse==1.0rc7

• 方法2：升级式pip安装

pip install -U psqlparse==1.0rc7

• 方法3：直接运行setup.py

python setup.py install

错误详情 #

Collecting psqlparse==1.0rc7
  Using cached psqlparse-1.0rc7.tar.gz (1.3 MB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Requirement already satisfied: six in c:\users\soha\appdata\roaming\python\python37\site-packages (from psqlparse==1.0rc7) (1.16.0)
Building wheels for collected packages: psqlparse
  Building wheel for psqlparse (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [19 lines of output]
      c:\users\soha\appdata\local\programs\python\python375\lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py:529: UserWarning: Normalizing '1.0-rc7' to '1.0rc7'
        warnings.warn(tmpl.format(**locals()))
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse
      copying psqlparse\exceptions.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse
      copying psqlparse\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse\nodes
      copying psqlparse\nodes\nodes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse\nodes
      copying psqlparse\nodes\parsenodes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse\nodes
      copying psqlparse\nodes\primnodes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse\nodes
      copying psqlparse\nodes\utils.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse\nodes
      copying psqlparse\nodes\value.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse\nodes
      copying psqlparse\nodes\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse\nodes
      running build_ext
      error: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for psqlparse
  Running setup.py clean for psqlparse
Failed to build psqlparse
Installing collected packages: psqlparse
  Running setup.py install for psqlparse ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Running setup.py install for psqlparse did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [21 lines of output]
      c:\users\soha\appdata\local\programs\python\python375\lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py:529: UserWarning: Normalizing '1.0-rc7' to '1.0rc7'
        warnings.warn(tmpl.format(**locals()))
      running install
      c:\users\soha\appdata\local\programs\python\python375\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py:37: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
        setuptools.SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning,
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse
      copying psqlparse\exceptions.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse
      copying psqlparse\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse\nodes
      copying psqlparse\nodes\nodes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse\nodes
      copying psqlparse\nodes\parsenodes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse\nodes
      copying psqlparse\nodes\primnodes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse\nodes
      copying psqlparse\nodes\utils.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse\nodes
      copying psqlparse\nodes\value.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse\nodes
      copying psqlparse\nodes\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\psqlparse\nodes
      running build_ext
      error: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: legacy-install-failure

× Encountered error while trying to install package.
╰─> psqlparse

解决方案 #

psqlparse依赖PostgreSQL的C解析库，Windows平台无官方预编译wheel，需手动配置编译环境：

1. 安装PostgreSQL开发组件
   下载适配Windows 64位的PostgreSQL安装包（建议选12+版本，匹配Python3.7），安装时必须勾选Development Files组件，完成后将PostgreSQL的bin、include、lib路径添加到系统环境变量。

2. 配置C++编译环境
   安装Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools（Python3.7需对应VS2017版本工具集），安装时勾选C++ build tools和Windows 10 SDK组件。

3. 手动指定路径安装
   若环境变量配置后仍报错，执行安装命令时手动指定PostgreSQL路径：

   pip install psqlparse==1.0rc7 --global-option=build_ext --global-option="-I你的PostgreSQL安装路径\include" --global-option="-L你的PostgreSQL安装路径\lib"
   

4. 备选：使用预编译wheel
   获取对应Python3.7的Windows 64位预编译wheel文件，本地执行安装：

   pip install psqlparse-1.0rc7-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
   

5. 升级Python版本
   Python3.7已停止维护，该包对旧版本Windows支持有限，可尝试升级到Python3.8+后再执行安装命令。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者alireza