VS Code Node.js调试终端执行npm start报模块找不到错误

近期在VS Code的JavaScript Debug Terminal中运行Node.js项目时遭遇异常，多个基于同一基础搭建的项目执行npm start命令时，均抛出以下错误：

internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:638
    throw err;
    ^

Error: Cannot find module '"c:/Users/malcolm.mccrimmon/AppData/Local/Programs/Microsoft'
    at Function.Module._resolveFilename (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:636:15)
    at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:562:25)
    at Module.require (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:692:17)
    at Module._preloadModules (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:901:12)
    at preloadModules (internal/bootstrap/node.js:601:7)
    at startup (internal/bootstrap/node.js:273:9)
    at bootstrapNodeJSCore (internal/bootstrap/node.js:622:3)
Waiting for the debugger to disconnect...

在普通非调试终端执行npm start则完全正常。搜索相关问题仅找到项目迁移或依赖安装错误的案例，我的VS Code为本地用户安装，路径为C:\Users\malcolm.mccrimmon\AppData\Local\Programs\Microsoft VS Code，推测可能是路径中的空格未正确转义导致，但尝试降级至2021年1月版本（v1.53）、完全卸载重装均无法解决该问题。

以下是其中一个出现问题的项目的package.json文件内容：

{
  "name": "metrics-graphql",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "nodemon -L index.js",
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "devDependencies": {
    "node": "10.16"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "apollo-boost": "^0.4.9",
    "apollo-cache-inmemory": "^1.6.6",
    "apollo-client": "^2.6.10",
    "apollo-link-http": "^1.5.17",
    "apollo-server": "^2.25.3",
    "apollo-server-express": "^2.25.3",
    "axios": "^0.19.2",
    "dataloader": "^2.0.0",
    "dotenv": "^8.6.0",
    "elasticsearch": "^16.7.2",
    "graphql": "^14.7.0",
    "graphql-iso-date": "^3.6.1",
    "graphql-redis-subscriptions": "^2.4.2",
    "graphql-resolvers": "^0.4.2",
    "graphql-subscriptions": "^1.2.1",
    "https-proxy-agent": "^5.0.0",
    "ioredis": "^4.28.2",
    "moment": "^2.29.1",
    "mongoose": "^5.13.13",
    "node-fetch": "^2.6.6"
  }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Malcolm