Python Selenium脚本循环中Except分支未执行，仅Try执行后无反应无报错

需求与问题 #

需求是让Selenium脚本按以下逻辑执行：

1. 检查页面是否存在目标元素，存在则点击
2. 若不存在，展开收起的子分类、关闭已展开的子分类，再次搜索元素
3. 仍未找到则切换到下一个分类，重复流程；所有分类都查完则点击下一页循环，直到找到元素并点击

当前问题：循环中的except部分完全不执行，执行try块后无任何反应，也没有报错输出。

原代码 #

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException
import time

def onecolumn():
    try:
        ignored_exceptions = (NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException)
        WebDriverWait(driver, 5, ignored_exceptions=NoSuchElementException).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, f"//div[child::span[text()='{odds}'] and span[text()='{howtobet}']]"))).click()
    except:
        pass
def separatecolumn():
    try:
        ignored_exceptions = (NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException)
        WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, f"//div[@class='srb-ParticipantLabel gl-Market_General-cn1 ' and contains(., '{odds}')]/following::span[text() ='{howtobet}']"))).click()
    except:
        pass

def subcategoryfunction():
    subcategories = (WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.visibility_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div.gl-MarketGroupButton_Text '))))
    subcategorylist = []

    for subcategory in subcategories:
        text = subcategory.text
        subcategorylist.append(text)
        print(text)

    time.sleep(3)

    subcategorylist2 = subcategorylist

    time.sleep(3)

    driver.refresh()
    time.sleep(5)

    for i in range(0, len(subcategorylist2)):
        subcategoryindex = subcategorylist2[i]
        try:
            onecolumn() or separatecolumn()
            break
        except:
            ignored_exceptions = (NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException,)
            WebDriverWait(driver, 2, ignored_exceptions=NoSuchElementException).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, f"//div[text() ='{subcategoryindex}']"))).click()

############Main###################
categories = (WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.visibility_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div.sph-MarketGroupNavBarButton '))))
categorylist = []

for category in categories:
    text = category.text
    categorylist.append(text)
    print(text)

time.sleep(1)

categorylist2 = categorylist

driver.refresh()
time.sleep(10)

for i in range(1, len(categorylist2)):
    categoryindex = categorylist2[i]
    try:
        subcategoryfunction()
        break
    except:
        ignored_exceptions = (NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException,)
        WebDriverWait(driver, 2, ignored_exceptions=NoSuchElementException).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, f"//div[text() ='{categoryindex}']"))).click()

问题根源 #

1. 异常被内部吞掉：onecolumn()和separatecolumn()函数内部用except: pass捕获了所有异常，导致无论是否找到元素，都不会向外抛出异常。外层try块认为函数执行成功，直接触发break终止循环，后续子分类展开逻辑完全无法执行。
2. 逻辑判断错误：onecolumn() or separatecolumn()写法无效，两个函数无返回值（默认返回None），or运算符不会触发第二个函数执行，也无法判断元素是否找到。
3. 循环终止逻辑错误：不管元素是否找到，执行完onecolumn()后直接break，只尝试第一个子分类就终止循环。
4. 主循环逻辑缺陷：主循环执行subcategoryfunction()后直接break，不管该分类是否找到元素，不会切换到下一个分类继续查找。

修复方案 #

步骤1：修改元素查找函数，抛出异常而非吞掉 #

让查找函数在找不到元素时抛出异常，外层才能感知失败：

def onecolumn():
    ignored_exceptions = (NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException)
    WebDriverWait(driver, 5, ignored_exceptions=ignored_exceptions).until(
        EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, f"//div[child::span[text()='{odds}'] and span[text()='{howtobet}']]"))
    ).click()

def separatecolumn():
    ignored_exceptions = (NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException)
    WebDriverWait(driver, 5, ignored_exceptions=ignored_exceptions).until(
        EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, f"//div[@class='srb-ParticipantLabel gl-Market_General-cn1 ' and contains(., '{odds}')]/following::span[text() ='{howtobet}']"))
    ).click()

步骤2：修复子分类处理逻辑，绑定查找与展开操作 #

重新编写subcategoryfunction()，实现「查找→失败→展开子分类→重试→失败→关闭→下一个子分类」的逻辑：

def subcategoryfunction():
    # 获取所有子分类文本
    subcategories = WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(
        EC.visibility_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div.gl-MarketGroupButton_Text '))
    )
    subcategorylist = [sub.text for sub in subcategories]
    print("子分类列表:", subcategorylist)

    driver.refresh()
    time.sleep(5)

    found = False
    for sub_name in subcategorylist:
        # 先尝试查找目标元素
        try:
            onecolumn()
            found = True
            break
        except (NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException):
            try:
                separatecolumn()
                found = True
                break
            except (NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException):
                # 找不到元素，展开当前子分类
                sub_btn = WebDriverWait(driver, 2).until(
                    EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, f"//div[text()='{sub_name}']"))
                )
                # 判断是否已展开（需根据页面实际class调整）
                if 'gl-MarketGroupButton_Expanded' not in sub_btn.get_attribute('class'):
                    sub_btn.click()
                    time.sleep(1)
                # 再次尝试查找
                try:
                    onecolumn()
                    found = True
                    break
                except (NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException):
                    try:
                        separatecolumn()
                        found = True
                        break
                    except (NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException):
                        # 仍找不到，关闭当前子分类
                        if 'gl-MarketGroupButton_Expanded' in sub_btn.get_attribute('class'):
                            sub_btn.click()
                            time.sleep(1)
    # 所有子分类都试过仍找不到，抛出异常给主循环
    if not found:
        raise NoSuchElementException("当前分类下未找到目标元素")

步骤3：修复主循环逻辑，实现分类切换与下一页处理 #

让主循环在当前分类找不到元素时自动切换到下一个分类；所有分类查完后点击下一页：

############Main###################
categories = WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(
    EC.visibility_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div.sph-MarketGroupNavBarButton '))
)
categorylist = [cat.text for cat in categories]
print("分类列表:", categorylist)

driver.refresh()
time.sleep(10)

found = False
for cat_name in categorylist[1:]:  # 从索引1开始遍历分类
    try:
        # 切换到当前分类
        cat_btn = WebDriverWait(driver, 2).until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, f"//div[text()='{cat_name}']"))
        )
        if 'sph-MarketGroupNavBarButton_Selected' not in cat_btn.get_attribute('class'):
            cat_btn.click()
            time.sleep(2)
        # 处理子分类
        subcategoryfunction()
        found = True
        break
    except NoSuchElementException:
        # 当前分类找不到，继续下一个
        continue

# 所有分类都查完仍找不到，点击下一页（需替换为实际的下一页选择器）
if not found:
    try:
        next_page_btn = WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "你的下一页按钮CSS选择器"))
        )
        next_page_btn.click()
        time.sleep(5)
        # 这里可以递归调用主逻辑，或者重新执行整个流程
        # 例如：main() （如果把主逻辑封装成函数）
    except NoSuchElementException:
        print("已到最后一页，未找到目标元素")

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者JakeM