Django REST API中JWT认证模块已安装却无法识别的问题求助

架构老林

2026-8-3

Django JWT认证启动报错排查

问题背景

在基于Django搭建的API中实现JWT认证，安装了rest_framework_jwt包并按文档配置后，启动服务器时出现ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'rest_framework_simplejwt'错误。

启动错误日志

Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/threading.py", line 1038, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/threading.py", line 975, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 64, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 125, in inner_run
    autoreload.raise_last_exception()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 87, in raise_last_exception
    raise _exception[1]
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 398, in execute
    autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 64, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 91, in populate
    app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 193, in create
    import_module(entry)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1206, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1178, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1128, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1206, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1178, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1142, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'rest_framework_simplejwt'

settings.py 配置

import os
from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-uh*2t%%^q0mzj!5r@9=7i$!16wwm)96e=-zh)8&l)-&d3(_!)i'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = int(os.environ.get('DEBUG',default=0))

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'django.contrib.sites',

    #3rd party
    'rest_framework',
    'rest_framework.authtoken',
    'allauth',
    'allauth.account',
    'allauth.socialaccount',
    'dj_rest_auth',
    'dj_rest_auth.registration',
    'rest_framework_simplejwt.token_blacklist',


    #local apps
    'posts.apps.PostsConfig',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'stackstagram.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'stackstagram.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'postgres',
        'USER':'postgres',
        'PASSWORD':'postgres',
        'HOST':'db',
        'PORT':5432

    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = 'static/'

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFUALT_PERMISSION_CLASSES':[
        'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',
    ],
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [
        'rest_framework_simplejwt.authentication.JWTAuthentication',
        'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',
    ],
}
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'
SITE_ID = 1
MEDIA_URL = "\/media\/"
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR/'media')

项目级 urls.py 配置

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static
from rest_framework_simplejwt import views as jwt_views

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('api/v1/', include('posts.urls')),
    path('api-auth/',include('rest_framework.urls')),
    path('api/v1/rest-auth/',include('dj_rest_auth.urls')),
    path('api/v1/rest-auth/registration/',include('dj_rest_auth.registration.urls')),
    path('api/token/', jwt_views.TokenObtainPairView.as_view(), name='token_obtain_pair'),
    path('api/token/refresh/', jwt_views.TokenRefreshView.as_view(), name='token_refresh'),
] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root = settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

问题原因与解决办法

核心问题

你安装的是rest_framework_jwt，但项目配置里全用的是rest_framework_simplejwt——这是两个完全独立的JWT实现包。rest_framework_jwt是旧版维护包，而rest_framework_simplejwt是Django REST Framework官方推荐的新版JWT库，两者不能混用。

解决步骤

方案一：改用`rest_framework_simplejwt`（推荐）

卸载已安装的旧包：
```
pip uninstall djangorestframework-jwt
```

安装新版包：

pip install djangorestframework-simplejwt

保持现有配置不变（你的settings.py和urls.py已经是按simplejwt配置的），重新启动服务器即可。

方案二：改用`rest_framework_jwt`（不推荐，包已停止维护）

如果非要用旧包，需要把所有配置里的rest_framework_simplejwt替换成rest_framework_jwt：

移除INSTALLED_APPS里的rest_framework_simplejwt.token_blacklist（旧包无此功能）
将REST_FRAMEWORK的DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES换成'rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication'
把urls.py里的导入和路由换成旧包对应内容，比如获取token的路由改为rest_framework_jwt.views.obtain_jwt_token等

另外注意：你settings.py里的DEFUALT_PERMISSION_CLASSES拼写错误，正确应为DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES，这个错误会导致权限配置不生效，建议一并修正。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Adhishraya Sharma

Django REST API中JWT认证模块已安装却无法识别的问题求助

问题背景 #

启动错误日志 #

settings.py 配置 #

项目级 urls.py 配置 #

问题原因与解决办法 #

核心问题 #

解决步骤 #

方案一：改用rest_framework_simplejwt（推荐）

方案二：改用rest_framework_jwt（不推荐，包已停止维护）