使用Python调用Google Translate时遭遇SSL证书验证失败问题求助

我正在开发一个自动化多语言文本转换项目，基于Google Translate实现，已开发3-4个月，近期突然出现以下错误：

ConnectError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1129)

原代码 #

from googletrans import Translator, constants
from pprint import pprint

trans = Translator()
translation = trans.translate(column_list, dest='en')

完整错误栈 #

Connect Error                              Traceback (most recent call last)
Input In [155], in <cell line: 1>()
----> 1 translation=trans.translate(column_list,dest='en')

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\googletrans\client.py:205, in Translator.translate(self, text, dest, src, **kwargs)
    203 result = []
    204 for item in text:
--> 205     translated = self.translate(item, dest=dest, src=src, **kwargs)
    206     result.append(translated)
    207 return result

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\googletrans\client.py:210, in Translator.translate(self, text, dest, src, **kwargs)
    207     return result
    209 origin = text
--> 210 data, response = self._translate(text, dest, src, kwargs)
    212 # this code will be updated when the format is changed.
    213 translated = ''.join([d[0] if d[0] else '' for d in data[0]])

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\googletrans\client.py:108, in Translator._translate(self, text, dest, src, override)
    104 params = utils.build_params(client=self.client_type, query=text, src=src, dest=dest,
    105                             token=token, override=override)
    107 url = urls.TRANSLATE.format(host=self._pick_service_url())
--> 108 r = self.client.get(url, params=params)
    110 if r.status_code == 200:
    111     data = utils.format_json(r.text)

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\httpx_client.py:755, in Client.get(self, url, params, headers, cookies, auth, allow_redirects, timeout)
    744 def get(
    745     self,
    746     url: URLTypes,
    (...)
    753     timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UnsetType] = UNSET,
    754 ) -> Response:
--> 755     return self.request(
    756         "GET",
    757         url,
    758         params=params,
    759         headers=headers,
    760         cookies=cookies,
    761         auth=auth,
    762         allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
    763         timeout=timeout,
    764     )

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\httpx_client.py:600, in Client.request(self, method, url, data, files, json, params, headers, cookies, auth, allow_redirects, timeout)
    575 def request(
    576     self,
    577     method: str,
    (...)
    588     timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UnsetType] = UNSET,
    589 ) -> Response:
    590     request = self.build_request(
    591         method=method,
    592         url=url,
    (...)
    598         cookies=cookies,
    599     )
--> 600     return self.send(
    601         request, auth=auth, allow_redirects=allow_redirects, timeout=timeout,
    602     )

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\httpx_client.py:620, in Client.send(self, request, stream, auth, allow_redirects, timeout)
    616 timeout = self.timeout if isinstance(timeout, UnsetType) else Timeout(timeout)
    618 auth = self.build_auth(request, auth)
--> 620 response = self.send_handling_redirects(
    621     request, auth=auth, timeout=timeout, allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
    622 )
    624 if not stream:
    625     try:

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\httpx_client.py:647, in Client.send_handling_redirects(self, request, auth, timeout, allow_redirects, history)
    644 if len(history) > self.max_redirects:
    645     raise TooManyRedirects()
--> 647 response = self.send_handling_auth(
    648     request, auth=auth, timeout=timeout, history=history
    649 )
    650 response.history = list(history)
    652 if not response.is_redirect:

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\httpx_client.py:684, in Client.send_handling_auth(self, request, history, auth, timeout)
    682 request = next(auth_flow)
    683 while True:
--> 684     response = self.send_single_request(request, timeout)
    685     if auth.requires_response_body:
    686         response.read()

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\httpx_client.py:714, in Client.send_single_request(self, request, timeout)
    705 transport = self.transport_for_url(request.url)
    707 try:
    708     (
    709         http_version,
    710         status_code,
    711         reason_phrase,
    712         headers,
    713         stream,
--> 714     ) = transport.request(
    715         request.method.encode(),
    716         request.url.raw,
    717         headers=request.headers.raw,
    718         stream=request.stream,
    719         timeout=timeout.as_dict(),
    720     )
    721 except HTTPError as exc:
    722     # Add the original request to any HTTPError unless
    723     # there'a already a request attached in the case of
    724     # a ProxyError.
    725     if exc._request is None:

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\httpcore_sync\connection_pool.py:152, in SyncConnectionPool.request(self, method, url, headers, stream, timeout)
    149         logger.trace("reuse connection=%r", connection)
    151 try:
--> 152     response = connection.request(
    153         method, url, headers=headers, stream=stream, timeout=timeout
    154     )
    155 except NewConnectionRequired:
    156     connection = None

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\httpcore_sync\connection.py:65, in SyncHTTPConnection.request(self, method, url, headers, stream, timeout)
    61     if not self.socket:
    62         logger.trace(
    63             "open_socket origin=%r timeout=%r", self.origin, timeout
    64         )
--> 65         self.socket = self._open_socket(timeout)
    66     self._create_connection(self.socket)
    67 elif self.state in (ConnectionState.READY, ConnectionState.IDLE):

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\httpcore_sync\connection.py:85, in SyncHTTPConnection._open_socket(self, timeout)
    83 ssl_context = self.ssl_context if scheme == b"https" else None
    84 try:
--> 85     return self.backend.open_tcp_stream(
    86         hostname, port, ssl_context, timeout
    87     )
    88 except Exception:
    89     self.connect_failed = True

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\httpcore_backends\sync.py:139, in SyncBackend.open_tcp_stream(self, hostname, port, ssl_context, timeout)
    135 if ssl_context is not None:
    136     sock = ssl_context.wrap_socket(
    137         sock, server_hostname=hostname.decode("ascii")
    138     )
--> 139 return SyncSocketStream(sock=sock)

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\contextlib.py:137, in _GeneratorContextManager.exit(self, typ, value, traceback)
    135     value = typ()
    136 try:
--> 137     self.gen.throw(typ, value, traceback)
    138 except StopIteration as exc:
    139     # Suppress StopIteration unless it's the same exception that
    140     # was passed to throw().  This prevents a StopIteration
    141     # raised inside the "with" statement from being suppressed.
    142     return exc is not value

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\httpcore_exceptions.py:12, in map_exceptions(map)
    10 for from_exc, to_exc in map.items():
    11     if isinstance(exc, from_exc):
--> 12         raise to_exc(exc) from None
    13 raise

ConnectError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1129)

已尝试的无效方法 #

1. 创建未验证SSL上下文：

import ssl
import urllib.request
context = ssl._create_unverified_context()
urllib.request.urlopen(trans, context=context)

2. 设置requests会话不验证证书：

session = requests.Session()
session.verify = False

解决方案 #

方案1：为googletrans配置httpx客户端跳过SSL验证

googletrans底层使用httpx而非requests，因此之前设置requests会话的方法无效。需创建禁用SSL验证的httpx客户端传入Translator：

from googletrans import Translator
import httpx

# 创建不验证SSL的httpx客户端
client = httpx.Client(verify=False)
trans = Translator(client=client)
translation = trans.translate(column_list, dest='en')

注意：此方法会降低安全性，仅适合测试或内部可信环境使用。

方案2：导入系统根证书（推荐）

若问题由公司代理的自签名证书导致，可将代理证书添加到Python信任列表：

1. 导出代理的自签名证书为.pem格式
2. 在代码中指定证书路径：

from googletrans import Translator
import httpx

client = httpx.Client(verify="/path/to/your/certificate.pem")
trans = Translator(client=client)
translation = trans.translate(column_list, dest='en')

也可将证书添加到系统根证书存储，Python会自动加载系统信任的证书。

方案3：降级googletrans版本

部分新版本googletrans的httpx适配存在问题，可尝试降级到稳定版本：

pip install googletrans==4.0.0-rc1

该版本基于requests库开发，此时设置session.verify=False会生效：

from googletrans import Translator
import requests

session = requests.Session()
session.verify = False
trans = Translator(session=session)
translation = trans.translate(column_list, dest='en')

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user47341