Spring Boot集成Liquibase操作Cassandra未执行变更日志排查

我们团队开发了一个以Job形式运行的应用，可通过Java参数和Profile切换PostgreSQL/Cassandra做数据库初始化。PostgreSQL运行正常，但Cassandra能连接成功，却不执行变更日志。

环境信息 #

Cassandra版本 #

4.1.0

项目依赖 #

implementation 'org.hibernate:hibernate-core'
implementation 'com.zaxxer:HikariCP'
implementation 'org.springframework:spring-jdbc'
implementation 'org.liquibase:liquibase-core'
implementation 'org.postgresql:postgresql'


implementation "org.springframework.data:spring-data-cassandra"
implementation ('org.liquibase.ext:liquibase-cassandra:4.18.0'){
    exclude group: 'org.slf4j', module: 'slf4j-jdk14'
}

implementation 'org.yaml:snakeyaml'//TODO ?
implementation "org.projectlombok:lombok"
implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot"
implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure"
implementation "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-config-client"
implementation "org.springframework:spring-beans"
implementation "org.springframework:spring-context"
implementation "org.springframework:spring-core"
implementation "org.slf4j:slf4j-api"
implementation "ch.qos.logback:logback-classic"
implementation "org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j"
implementation "org.slf4j:log4j-over-slf4j"

application-cassandra.yaml配置 #

server:
  port: 8083

spring:
  config:
    liquibase.change-log: classpath:/${java-param}/changelog.xml

  spring:
    autoconfigure:
      exclude: org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration
    data:
      cassandra:
        port: 9042
        contact-points: 127.0.0.1
        local-datacenter: datacenter1
        keyspace-name: hs360_pokus

Liquibase变更日志 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<databaseChangeLog
        xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:ext="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog-ext"
        xmlns:pro="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/pro"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog
        http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-latest.xsd
        http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog-ext http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-ext.xsd
        http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/pro http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/pro/liquibase-pro-latest.xsd">
    <changeSet id="1" author="Liquibase">
        <createTable tableName="test_table">
            <column name="test_id" type="int">
                <constraints primaryKey="true"/>
            </column>
            <column name="test_column" type="varchar"/>
        </createTable>

    </changeSet>
</databaseChangeLog>

问题排查与修复方案 #

1. 修正配置层级错误 #

你的application-cassandra.yaml中spring节点嵌套了另一个spring，导致Cassandra配置无法被正确解析。修正后的配置如下：

server:
  port: 8083

spring:
  config:
    liquibase.change-log: classpath:/${java-param}/changelog.xml
  autoconfigure:
    exclude: org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration
  data:
    cassandra:
      port: 9042
      contact-points: 127.0.0.1
      local-datacenter: datacenter1
      keyspace-name: hs360_pokus

2. 补充Liquibase Cassandra专属配置 #

Spring Boot默认Liquibase自动配置依赖DataSource，但Cassandra无标准DataSource实现，需手动指定Liquibase的Cassandra连接参数：

liquibase:
  driver-class-name: com.datastax.oss.driver.api.core.CqlSession
  url: cassandra://127.0.0.1:9042/hs360_pokus
  database-change-log: classpath:/${java-param}/changelog.xml

若Cassandra未开启认证，可省略user和password配置项。

3. 添加Cassandra Java驱动依赖 #

spring-data-cassandra未自动引入完整驱动包，需补充：

implementation 'com.datastax.oss:java-driver-core:4.15.0' // 版本匹配Cassandra 4.1.0即可

4. 适配Cassandra语法修改变更日志 #

Cassandra为NoSQL数据库，表结构语法与关系型数据库不同，需调整变更日志：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<databaseChangeLog
        xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:ext="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog-ext"
        xmlns:pro="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/pro"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog
        http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-latest.xsd
        http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog-ext http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-ext.xsd
        http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/pro http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/pro/liquibase-pro-latest.xsd">
    <changeSet id="1" author="Liquibase">
        <ext:createTable tableName="test_table">
            <column name="test_id" type="int">
                <constraints primaryKey="true" partitionKey="true"/>
            </column>
            <column name="test_column" type="text"/> <!-- Cassandra用text替代varchar -->
        </ext:createTable>
    </changeSet>
</databaseChangeLog>

注意使用ext:前缀调用Cassandra扩展操作。

5. 手动配置Liquibase Bean（可选） #

若排除DataSourceAutoConfiguration后Liquibase自动配置未触发，可手动注册Bean：

@Configuration
@Profile("cassandra")
public class CassandraLiquibaseConfig {

    @Autowired
    private CassandraTemplate cassandraTemplate;

    @Bean
    public Liquibase liquibase() throws LiquibaseException {
        CqlSession session = cassandraTemplate.getCqlSession();
        CassandraDatabase database = new CassandraDatabase(session);
        Liquibase liquibase = new Liquibase(
            "classpath:/${java-param}/changelog.xml",
            new ClassLoaderResourceAccessor(),
            database
        );
        liquibase.update(new Contexts(), new LabelExpression());
        return liquibase;
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Tomas