解决Traefik路由特定域名到对应Nginx容器时的内容混乱问题

我搭建了两个独立的Laravel Web应用容器（project1和project2），每个都配有Nginx/PHP-FPM，并通过Traefik做反向代理。期望访问project1.laravel.test显示project1内容，project2.laravel.test显示project2内容，但实际访问project1.laravel.test时会交替显示两个项目的内容；关闭project2容器后，project1恢复正常，看起来Traefik把两个服务当成了负载均衡组。

复现步骤 #

1. git clone https://github.com/gtoto007/traefik-laravel-docker
2. cd traefik-laravel-docker
3. docker-compose -f traefik/docker-compose.yaml up -d
4. docker-compose -f project1/docker-compose.yaml up -d
5. docker-compose -f project2/docker-compose.yaml up -d

本地hosts文件添加：

127.0.0.1 traefik.laravel.test
127.0.0.1 project1.laravel.test
127.0.0.1 project2.laravel.test

配置文件 #

Traefik配置（./traefik/docker-compose.yaml） #

version: "3.3"
networks:
  my-network:
    external: true

services:
  traefik:
    image: "traefik:v2.9"
    container_name: "traefik"
    networks:
      - my-network
    command:
      - "--api"
      - "--providers.docker.exposedbydefault=false"
      - "--api.insecure=true"
      - "--accesslog.filepath=/data/access.log"
      # entrypoints
      - "--entrypoints.http.address=:80"
      - "--entrypoints.https.address=:443"
      - "--entrypoints.traefik.address=:8888"
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
      - "8888:8888"
    volumes:
      - "/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro"
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.rule=Host(`traefik.laravel.test`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.entrypoints=traefik"

Project1配置（./project1/docker-compose.yaml） #

version: '3.8'

networks:
  my-network:
    external: true

services:
  nginx:
    build:
      dockerfile: docker/nginx/Dockerfile
      context: ./
    image: my-nginx
    volumes:
      - ./docker/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d/
      - my-data_project1:/var/www
    networks:
      - my-network
    depends_on:
      - php-fpm
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.project1.rule=Host(`project1.laravel.test`)"
      - "traefik.docker.network=my-network"
  php-fpm:
    build:
      dockerfile: docker/php/Dockerfile
      context: ./
    image: my-php-fpm
    ports:
      - "5173:5173"
    volumes:
      - ./docker/php/local.ini:/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/local.ini
      - my-data_project1:/var/www
    networks:
      - my-network
  project1:
    build:
      dockerfile: docker/project1/Dockerfile
      context: ./
    image: project1:1.0
    volumes:
      - my-data_project1:/var/www
    networks:
      - my-network
volumes:
  my-data_project1:

Project2配置（./project2/docker-compose.yaml） #

version: '3.8'

networks:
  my-network:
    external: true

services:
  nginx:
    build:
      dockerfile: docker/nginx/Dockerfile
      context: ./
    image: my-nginx
    volumes:
      - ./docker/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d/
      - my-data_project2:/var/www
    networks:
      - my-network
    depends_on:
      - php-fpm
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.project2.rule=Host(`project2.laravel.test`)"
      - "traefik.docker.network=my-network"
  php-fpm:
    build:
      dockerfile: docker/php/Dockerfile
      context: ./
    image: my-php-fpm
    ports:
      - "5174:5173"
    volumes:
      - ./docker/php/local.ini:/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/local.ini
      - my-data_project2:/var/www
    networks:
      - my-network
  project2:
    build:
      dockerfile: docker/project2/Dockerfile
      context: ./
    image: project2:1.0
    volumes:
      - my-data_project2:/var/www
    networks:
      - my-network
#      - ./:/var/www
volumes:
  my-data_project2:

Traefik的Docker Provider默认会将相同服务名称（两个项目的Nginx服务都叫nginx）的容器归为同一个后端服务组，自动启用轮询负载均衡。因此访问project1.laravel.test时，请求会被轮流转发到两个Nginx容器，导致内容交替显示。

给每个项目的Nginx服务指定唯一标识，让Traefik识别为独立服务，有两种实现方式：

方式1：显式指定Traefik后端服务名称 #

修改两个项目的Nginx服务标签，添加唯一的服务名称，并绑定路由到该服务：

Project1的Nginx标签修改： #

labels:
  - "traefik.enable=true"
  - "traefik.http.routers.project1.rule=Host(`project1.laravel.test`)"
  - "traefik.http.routers.project1.service=project1-nginx"
  - "traefik.http.services.project1-nginx.loadbalancer.server.port=80"
  - "traefik.docker.network=my-network"

Project2的Nginx标签修改： #

labels:
  - "traefik.enable=true"
  - "traefik.http.routers.project2.rule=Host(`project2.laravel.test`)"
  - "traefik.http.routers.project2.service=project2-nginx"
  - "traefik.http.services.project2-nginx.loadbalancer.server.port=80"
  - "traefik.docker.network=my-network"

方式2：指定唯一容器名称 #

在每个项目的Nginx服务中添加container_name，确保名称唯一：

Project1的Nginx服务添加： #

services:
  nginx:
    container_name: project1-nginx
    # 其余配置保持不变

Project2的Nginx服务添加： #

services:
  nginx:
    container_name: project2-nginx
    # 其余配置保持不变

修改配置后重启对应容器：

docker-compose -f project1/docker-compose.yaml up -d
docker-compose -f project2/docker-compose.yaml up -d

访问project1.laravel.test和project2.laravel.test，即可分别显示对应项目的内容，不再出现交替问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Giuseppe Toto