Android Kotlin项目类重复冲突：如何移除重复依赖？

问题背景 #

开发Kotlin Android项目时，持续出现重复类错误，报错显示kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0与kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.0、kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.0存在大量重复类。删除本地缓存的org.jetbrains.kotlin文件夹后，构建时文件会被重新下载，问题无法解决。

完整错误信息 #

Duplicate class kotlin.collections.jdk8.CollectionsJDK8Kt found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk7.JDK7PlatformImplementations found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk8.JDK8PlatformImplementations found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.ExperimentalPathApi found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathRelativizer found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathsKt found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathsKt__PathReadWriteKt found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathsKt__PathUtilsKt found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.jdk7.AutoCloseableKt found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.jvm.jdk8.JvmRepeatableKt found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.random.jdk8.PlatformThreadLocalRandom found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$1 found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$2 found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$3 found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$4 found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.text.jdk8.RegexExtensionsJDK8Kt found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.0)
Duplicate class kotlin.time.jdk8.DurationConversionsJDK8Kt found in modules jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0) and jetified-kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.0 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.0)

App模块Gradle配置 #

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'com.google.gms.google-services'
}

android {
    compileSdk 33

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.umfs"
        minSdk 21
        targetSdk 32
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }

    buildFeatures {
        viewBinding true
    }

    namespace 'com.example.umfs'
}

dependencies {

    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.5.1'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.7.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-database:20.1.0'
    implementation 'androidx.preference:preference:1.2.0'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-auth:21.1.0'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-core:21.1.1'
    implementation 'androidx.navigation:navigation-fragment:2.5.3'
    implementation 'androidx.navigation:navigation-ui:2.5.3'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-firestore:24.4.1'
    implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.2.1'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.4'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.5.0'
    implementation 'de.hdodenhof:circleimageview:3.1.0'
    implementation "androidx.cardview:cardview:1.0.0"
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-firestore:24.4.1'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-storage:20.1.0'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-database'
    implementation platform('com.google.firebase:firebase-bom:28.4.0')
    implementation 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.71828'
    implementation 'com.makeramen:roundedimageview:2.3.0'
    implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.14.2'
    implementation 'com.github.marlonlom:timeago:4.0.3'
    implementation "androidx.core:core-ktx:+"

}

apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'

解决方案 #

问题根源

从Kotlin 1.8版本开始，kotlin-stdlib已经内置了kotlin-stdlib-jdk7和kotlin-stdlib-jdk8的所有扩展功能，无需再单独依赖这两个库。项目中出现冲突是因为某些第三方依赖间接引入了旧版本（1.6.0）的jdk7/jdk8库，与你直接/间接引入的1.8.0版本stdlib产生重复类。

具体修复步骤

1. 添加Kotlin Android插件并统一版本
   在项目根目录的build.gradle（Project级）中配置Kotlin插件版本：

   plugins {
       id 'com.android.application' version '7.4.2' apply false
       id 'com.android.library' version '7.4.2' apply false
       id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android' version '1.8.0' apply false
   }
   

   然后在App模块的build.gradle的plugins块中添加Kotlin插件：

   plugins {
       id 'com.android.application'
       id 'com.google.gms.google-services'
       id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android' // 添加这一行
   }
   

2. 强制统一所有Kotlin依赖版本
   在App模块的build.gradle中，android块之后添加如下配置，强制所有Kotlin相关依赖使用1.8.0版本：

   configurations.all {
       resolutionStrategy {
           force 'org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0'
           force 'org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.8.0'
           force 'org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.8.0'
       }
   }
   

   或者，如果你确认不需要单独的jdk7/jdk8库，可以直接全局排除它们：

   configurations.all {
       exclude group: 'org.jetbrains.kotlin', module: 'kotlin-stdlib-jdk7'
       exclude group: 'org.jetbrains.kotlin', module: 'kotlin-stdlib-jdk8'
   }
   

3. 同步并重构项目
   点击Android Studio右上角的Sync Project with Gradle Files按钮，同步完成后执行Build > Clean Project和Build > Rebuild Project。

额外建议 #

• 避免使用+号依赖版本（比如androidx.core:core-ktx:+），固定版本号可以减少依赖冲突风险。
• 可以通过./gradlew app:dependencies命令查看项目依赖树，找出具体是哪个第三方库引入了旧版本的Kotlin stdlib。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者midnighthowlers