无需API，用Python+Selenium+ChromeDriver实现推特发推遇阻求助

近期Twitter宣布API开始收费，我在Ubuntu环境下尝试用Python+Selenium不通过API发推，登录成功后遇到如下错误：

selenium.common.exceptions.ElementClickInterceptedException:
Message: element click intercepted: Element <div dir="ltr" 
class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41
r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">...</div> is not clickable at point (0, 1).
Other element would receive the click:
<header role="banner" class="css-1dbjc4n r-obd0qt r-16y2uox r-lrvibr r-1g40b8q">...</header>

原代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

options = Options()
options.add_argument('--headless')
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
userAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/109.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
options.add_argument(f'user-agent={userAgent}')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()), options=options)

url = 'https://twitter.com/login'

# change this to your username and password
userUsername = 'user'
userPassword = 'pw'

def main():    
    browser.get(url)
    
    browser.implicitly_wait(5)

    user = browser.find_element("name", "text")
    user.send_keys(userUsername)
    user.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    
    browser.implicitly_wait(2)
    
    password = browser.find_element("name", "password")
    password.send_keys(userPassword)
    browser.implicitly_wait(5)
    
    password.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    
    browser.implicitly_wait(0)
    
    button1 = browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'div[dir="ltr"]')
    button1.click()
    browser.implicitly_wait(5)  
    
    tweet = browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,"br[data-text='true']")
    tweet.click()
    
    browser.implicitly_wait(1)
    tweet.send_keys('Testing1234')

    button2 = browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,"div[data-testid='tweetButtonInline']")
    
    button2.click()

    browser.close() 
main()

问题分析与修复方案 #

• 元素定位太宽泛：原代码用div[dir="ltr"]定位的元素不唯一，且被页面header遮挡，导致点击被拦截。需要改用Twitter页面提供的data-testid属性精准定位推文输入区域。
• 等待机制混乱：混合使用implicitly_wait会导致不可预测的等待行为，统一使用显式等待（WebDriverWait）确保元素加载完成并可交互。
• 无头窗口尺寸问题：无头模式默认窗口过小，部分元素可能超出视图范围，需设置合适的窗口大小。

修改后的代码 #

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

options = Options()
options.add_argument('--headless')
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
# 设置无头模式窗口大小，避免元素超出视图
options.add_argument('--window-size=1920,1080')
userAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/109.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
options.add_argument(f'user-agent={userAgent}')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()), options=options)
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)  # 显式等待最长10秒

url = 'https://twitter.com/login'

# 修改为你的账号密码
userUsername = 'user'
userPassword = 'pw'

def main():    
    browser.get(url)
    
    # 等待用户名输入框并输入
    user = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.NAME, "text")))
    user.send_keys(userUsername)
    user.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    
    # 等待密码输入框并输入
    password = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.NAME, "password")))
    password.send_keys(userPassword)
    password.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    
    # 等待推文输入区域并点击
    tweet_input = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div[data-testid="tweetTextarea_0"]')))
    tweet_input.click()
    
    # 输入推文内容
    tweet_input.send_keys('Testing1234')
    
    # 等待发布按钮并点击
    tweet_button = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div[data-testid="tweetButtonInline"]')))
    tweet_button.click()
    
    browser.close() 

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

额外说明 #

• 若登录时遇到人机验证，可能需要添加验证码处理逻辑，或暂时关闭无头模式手动通过验证后再切换回无头。
• Twitter页面元素可能会更新，若后续定位失效，需重新查看页面元素的data-testid或其他属性调整定位器。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Me Myself