Ubuntu服务器部署Django+Gunicorn遇ModuleNotFoundError求助

相关文件 #

gunicorn_myproject.socket #

[Unit]
Description=myproject socket

[Socket]
ListenStream=/run/gunicorn_myproject.sock

[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target

gunicorn_myproject.service #

[Unit]
Description=myproject daemon
Requires=gunicorn_myproject.socket
After=network.target

[Service]
User=myuser
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/home/myuser/github/myproject
ExecStart=/home/myuser/github/venvs/myproject/bin/gunicorn \
          --access-logfile - \
          --workers 5 \
          --bind unix:/run/gunicorn_myproject.sock \
          /home/myuser/github/myproject/MyProject.wsgi:application

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

错误日志 #

执行sudo systemctl start gunicorn.socket后，运行sudo systemctl status gunicorn.socket显示：

● gunicorn_myproject.socket - myproject socket
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/gunicorn_myproject.socket; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (listening) since Tue 2023-01-31 18:43:11 -03; 1s ago
   Triggers: ● gunicorn_myproject.service
     Listen: /run/gunicorn_myproject.sock (Stream)
     CGroup: /system.slice/gunicorn_myproject.socket

Jan 31 18:43:11 cpro49739 systemd[1]: Listening on myproject socket.

此时无异常，但执行curl --unix-socket /run/gunicorn_myproject.sock localhost时返回：

curl: (56) Recv failure: Connection reset by peer

随后执行sudo systemctl status gunicorn.service得到错误：

● gunicorn_myproject.service - myproject daemon
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/gunicorn_myproject.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2023-01-31 18:47:29 -03; 1min 33s ago
TriggeredBy: ● gunicorn_myproject.socket
    Process: 2539537 ExecStart=/home/myuser/github/venvs/myproject/bin/gunicorn --access-logfile - --workers 5 --bind unix:/run/gunicorn_myproject.sock /home/myuser/github/myproject/MyProject.wsgi:application (code=exited, status=3)
   Main PID: 2539537 (code=exited, status=3)

Jan 31 18:47:29 cpro49739 gunicorn[2539539]: ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '/home/myuser/github/myproject/MyProject'
Jan 31 18:47:29 cpro49739 gunicorn[2539539]: [2023-01-31 18:47:29 -0300] [2539539] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 2539539)
Jan 31 18:47:29 cpro49739 gunicorn[2539537]: [2023-01-31 18:47:29 -0300] [2539537] [WARNING] Worker with pid 2539539 was terminated due to signal 15
Jan 31 18:47:29 cpro49739 gunicorn[2539537]: [2023-01-31 18:47:29 -0300] [2539537] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
Jan 31 18:47:29 cpro49739 gunicorn[2539537]: [2023-01-31 18:47:29 -0300] [2539537] [INFO] Reason: Worker failed to boot.
Jan 31 18:47:29 cpro49739 systemd[1]: gunicorn_myproject.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=3/NOTIMPLEMENTED
Jan 31 18:47:29 cpro49739 systemd[1]: gunicorn_myproject.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Jan 31 18:47:29 cpro49739 systemd[1]: gunicorn_myproject.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Jan 31 18:47:29 cpro49739 systemd[1]: gunicorn_myproject.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Jan 31 18:47:29 cpro49739 systemd[1]: Failed to start myproject daemon.

已尝试操作 #

更换部署目录、使用其他用户、重新创建gunicorn.socket和gunicorn.service文件，均未解决问题。

项目文件夹结构 #

github
└── myproject
    ├── Apps
    │   ├── app1
    │   │   └── admin.py, apps.py, models.py, tests.py, urls.py, views.py
    │   ├── app2
    │   │   └── admin.py, apps.py, models.py, tests.py, urls.py, views.py
    │   └── app3
    │       └── admin.py, apps.py, models.py, tests.py, urls.py, views.py
    ├── MyProject
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── asgi.py
    │   ├── local_settings.py
    │   ├── settings.py
    │   ├── urls.py
    │   └── wsgi.py
    ├── root
    |   └── (css, js, images, etc.)
    ├── static
    |   └── (css, js, images, etc.)
    ├── templates
    |   └── (html files)
    ├── manage.py
    ├── README.md
    └── requirements.txt

问题解决方法 #

核心问题 #

错误提示ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '/home/myuser/github/myproject/MyProject'是因为Gunicorn调用WSGI模块时用了错误的路径格式。你写了完整的文件路径，但Gunicorn需要的是基于工作目录的Python包引用格式。

步骤1：修改gunicorn_myproject.service配置 #

打开/etc/systemd/system/gunicorn_myproject.service，将ExecStart中的WSGI模块路径修改：
原内容：

ExecStart=/home/myuser/github/venvs/myproject/bin/gunicorn \
          --access-logfile - \
          --workers 5 \
          --bind unix:/run/gunicorn_myproject.sock \
          /home/myuser/github/myproject/MyProject.wsgi:application

修改后：

ExecStart=/home/myuser/github/venvs/myproject/bin/gunicorn \
          --access-logfile - \
          --workers 5 \
          --bind unix:/run/gunicorn_myproject.sock \
          MyProject.wsgi:application

原因：已经设置了WorkingDirectory=/home/myuser/github/myproject，Gunicorn会在此目录下查找Python模块，直接写MyProject.wsgi:application即可（MyProject是包含wsgi.py的合法Python包，因为目录下有__init__.py）。

步骤2：重启服务生效 #

执行以下命令重新加载systemd配置并重启服务：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart gunicorn_myproject.socket
sudo systemctl restart gunicorn_myproject.service

步骤3：验证修复 #

再次执行curl测试：

curl --unix-socket /run/gunicorn_myproject.sock localhost

如果返回Django项目的响应内容，说明问题解决。

额外排查（若问题仍存在） #

• 确认虚拟环境/home/myuser/github/venvs/myproject已安装所有依赖：进入虚拟环境执行pip list，检查Django、Gunicorn是否存在。
• 检查MyProject目录下的__init__.py是否存在（即使是空文件也可以，确保Python识别为包）。
• 确保myuser对/home/myuser/github/myproject目录有读写权限。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Adriano Dias