如何从格式化文本文件导入PSObjects数组并转换为CSV？

常规CSV操作示例 #

操作十分简单：

PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data>
PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data> ls .\test.csv


    Directory: C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data


Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                 -------------         ------ ----
-a----        2023-01-31   1:38 PM            640 test.csv


PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data>
PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data> cat .\test.csv
UserPrincipalName,"DisplayName","Title","UserType","IsLicensed"
LeeG@lazydev.com,"Lee Gu","jr engineer","Member","True"
MeganB@lazydev.com,"Megan Bowen","recruiter","Member","True"
GradyA@lazydev.com,"Grady Archie","sr engineer","Member","True"
MiriamG@lazydev.com,"Miriam Graham","Director","Member","True"
openmailbox@lazydev.com,"openmailbox",,"Member","False"
JohannaL@lazydev.com,"Johanna Lorenz","Senior Engineer","Member","True"
JoniS@lazydev.com,"Joni Sherman","recruiter","Member","False"
AlexW@lazydev.com,"Alex Wilber","Marketing Assistant","Member","True"
IsaiahL@lazydev.com,"Isaiah Langer","Sales Rep","Member","True"
PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data>
PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data> $test = Import-CSV .\test.csv
PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data>
PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data> $test[3]


UserPrincipalName : MiriamG@lazydev.com
DisplayName       : Miriam Graham
Title             : Director
UserType          : Member
IsLicensed        : True



PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data>

需求：解析格式化文本为结构化数据 #

但如何从格式化的文本文件中提取出可转为CSV格式的结构化数据？

PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data>
PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data> $records = Get-Content .\records.txt
PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data>
PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data> $records


UserPrincipalName : LeeG@lazydev.com
DisplayName       : Lee Gu
Title             : jr engineer
UserType          : Member
IsLicensed        : True

UserPrincipalName : MeganB@lazydev.com
DisplayName       : Megan Bowen
Title             : recruiter
UserType          : Member
IsLicensed        : True

UserPrincipalName : GradyA@lazydev.com
DisplayName       : Grady Archie
Title             : sr engineer
UserType          : Member
IsLicensed        : True

UserPrincipalName : MiriamG@lazydev.com
DisplayName       : Miriam Graham
Title             : Director
UserType          : Member
IsLicensed        : True

UserPrincipalName : openmailbox@lazydev.com
DisplayName       : openmailbox
Title             :
UserType          : Member
IsLicensed        : False

UserPrincipalName : JohannaL@lazydev.com
DisplayName       : Johanna Lorenz
Title             : Senior Engineer
UserType          : Member
IsLicensed        : True

UserPrincipalName : JoniS@lazydev.com
DisplayName       : Joni Sherman
Title             : recruiter
UserType          : Member
IsLicensed        : False

UserPrincipalName : AlexW@lazydev.com
DisplayName       : Alex Wilber
Title             : Marketing Assistant
UserType          : Member
IsLicensed        : True

UserPrincipalName : IsaiahL@lazydev.com
DisplayName       : Isaiah Langer
Title             : Sales Rep
UserType          : Member
IsLicensed        : True

PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data>

目标是将每条记录转置后写入CSV的一行。这类从人类可读的格式化文本还原为结构化数据的操作，正确术语是文本解析/结构化数据提取，不一定非要转为CSV，此处仅因示例数据源自CSV。

直接导出的错误 #

目前无法直接将$records对象导出为CSV，执行以下命令会报错：

PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data>
PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data> $records = Get-Content .\records.txt
PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data>
PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data> Export-Csv $records
Export-Csv : Cannot convert 'System.Object[]' to the type 'System.String' required by parameter 'Path'. Specified method is not supported.
At line:1 char:12
+ Export-Csv $records
+            ~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidArgument: (:) [Export-Csv], ParameterBindingException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CannotConvertArgument,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.ExportCsvCommand

PS C:\Users\saunders\Desktop\data>

因此必须先对文本内容进行解析处理。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nicholas Saunders