Spring WS(SOAP)在Java 17中的兼容性及项目构建方法咨询

1. Spring WS是否支持Java 17？ #

Spring WS 4.0及以上版本完全支持Java 17，可在Java 17环境中正常使用：

• 旧版本（如3.x系列）最高仅兼容Java 11，无法在Java 17环境中运行；
• Spring WS 4.x依赖的Spring Framework 6.x本身为Java 17+设计，二者适配性良好。

2. 基于Spring WS在Java 17环境下构建SOAP服务项目步骤 #

步骤1：添加依赖（以Maven为例） #

Java 17移除了JAXB模块，需手动引入相关依赖，同时添加Spring WS核心依赖：

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring WS核心依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web-services</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.0</version> <!-- 对应Spring WS 4.x版本 -->
    </dependency>
    <!-- Java 17需手动引入JAXB相关依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
        <artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <!-- JAXB插件：从XSD生成Java实体类 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.jvnet.jaxb2.maven2</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-jaxb2-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>0.15.1</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>generate</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
            <configuration>
                <schemaDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources/schemas</schemaDirectory>
                <generatePackage>com.example.soap.model</generatePackage>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

步骤2：定义SOAP契约（XSD Schema） #

在src/main/resources/schemas目录下创建XSD文件（如customer.xsd），定义请求响应的数据结构：

<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
           xmlns:tns="http://example.com/customer"
           targetNamespace="http://example.com/customer"
           elementFormDefault="qualified">

    <xs:element name="getCustomerRequest">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element name="customerId" type="xs:int"/>
            </xs:sequence>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>

    <xs:element name="getCustomerResponse">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element name="customer" type="tns:customer"/>
            </xs:sequence>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>

    <xs:complexType name="customer">
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="id" type="xs:int"/>
            <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/>
            <xs:element name="email" type="xs:string"/>
        </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>

步骤3：生成Java实体类 #

执行Maven命令mvn clean install，插件会自动根据XSD生成对应Java类到指定包路径下。

步骤4：创建SOAP端点（Endpoint） #

编写处理SOAP请求的端点类，使用Spring WS注解绑定请求：

package com.example.soap.endpoint;

import com.example.soap.model.GetCustomerRequest;
import com.example.soap.model.GetCustomerResponse;
import com.example.soap.model.Customer;
import org.springframework.ws.server.endpoint.annotation.Endpoint;
import org.springframework.ws.server.endpoint.annotation.PayloadRoot;
import org.springframework.ws.server.endpoint.annotation.RequestPayload;
import org.springframework.ws.server.endpoint.annotation.ResponsePayload;

@Endpoint
public class CustomerEndpoint {
    private static final String NAMESPACE_URI = "http://example.com/customer";

    @PayloadRoot(namespace = NAMESPACE_URI, localPart = "getCustomerRequest")
    @ResponsePayload
    public GetCustomerResponse getCustomer(@RequestPayload GetCustomerRequest request) {
        GetCustomerResponse response = new GetCustomerResponse();
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setId(request.getCustomerId());
        customer.setName("John Doe");
        customer.setEmail("john@example.com");
        response.setCustomer(customer);
        return response;
    }
}

步骤5：配置Spring WS #

创建配置类，配置消息调度器和WSDL定义：

package com.example.soap.config;

import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.ws.config.annotation.EnableWs;
import org.springframework.ws.config.annotation.WsConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.ws.transport.http.MessageDispatcherServlet;
import org.springframework.ws.wsdl.wsdl11.DefaultWsdl11Definition;
import org.springframework.xml.xsd.SimpleXsdSchema;
import org.springframework.xml.xsd.XsdSchema;

@EnableWs
@Configuration
public class WebServiceConfig extends WsConfigurerAdapter {
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean<MessageDispatcherServlet> messageDispatcherServlet(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        MessageDispatcherServlet servlet = new MessageDispatcherServlet();
        servlet.setApplicationContext(applicationContext);
        servlet.setTransformWsdlLocations(true);
        return new ServletRegistrationBean<>(servlet, "/ws/*");
    }

    @Bean(name = "customers")
    public DefaultWsdl11Definition defaultWsdl11Definition(XsdSchema customerSchema) {
        DefaultWsdl11Definition wsdl11Definition = new DefaultWsdl11Definition();
        wsdl11Definition.setPortTypeName("CustomerPort");
        wsdl11Definition.setLocationUri("/ws");
        wsdl11Definition.setTargetNamespace("http://example.com/customer");
        wsdl11Definition.setSchema(customerSchema);
        return wsdl11Definition;
    }

    @Bean
    public XsdSchema customerSchema() {
        return new SimpleXsdSchema(new ClassPathResource("schemas/customer.xsd"));
    }
}

步骤6：测试SOAP服务 #

启动项目后，可通过http://localhost:8080/ws/customers.wsdl访问WSDL文档，使用SoapUI或Postman发送以下SOAP请求验证服务：

<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
                  xmlns:cus="http://example.com/customer">
   <soapenv:Header/>
   <soapenv:Body>
      <cus:getCustomerRequest>
         <cus:customerId>1</cus:customerId>
      </cus:getCustomerRequest>
   </soapenv:Body>
</soapenv:Envelope>

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ali Baizhanov