M1 Pro芯片MacBook Pro上Symfony 6.0 Docker项目卡顿优化咨询

我在搭载M1 Pro芯片的MacBook Pro上运行Symfony 6.0 Docker项目，此前在Ubuntu系统中运行一切正常，但现在即使使用arm64v8镜像，项目仍存在严重卡顿问题。以下是我的Docker配置文件，恳请提供优化建议：

docker-compose.yml #

version: '3'
services:
    php:
        build: ./docker/php
        container_name: {PROJECT_NAME}_php
        environment:
            TZ: Europe/Vilnius
        volumes:
            - ./docker/php/config/www.conf:/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf:ro
            - ./docker/php/config/php.ini:/usr/local/etc/php/php.ini:ro
    web:
        build: ./docker/web
        environment:
            APP_PROJECT_DIR: {PATH_TO_PROJECT}
        volumes:
            - ./docker/web/config:/etc/nginx/config:ro
            - ./docker/web/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
    mysql:
        image: arm64v8/mariadb:10.6.4
        build: ./docker/mysql

docker-compose.override.yml #

version: '3'
services:
    php:
        hostname: {USER_NAME}-{PROJECT_NAME}-php
        working_dir: {PATH_TO_PROJECT}
        volumes:
            - {PATH_TO_PROJECT}:{PATH_TO_PROJECT}
            - ./docker/php/composer/:/var/www/.composer/
            - ./docker/php/composer/auth.json:/var/www/.composer/auth.json
            - {PATH_TO_PROJECT}/node_modules
    web:
        environment:
            APP_PROJECT_DIR: {PATH_TO_PROJECT}
            APP_HOST: {PROJECT_HOST}
        extra_hosts:
            - "{PROJECT_HOST}:host-gateway"
        volumes:
            - {PATH_TO_PROJECT}:{PATH_TO_PROJECT}/public
        networks:
            default:
                ipv4_address: 172.12.16.10
        ports:
            -  98:80
        depends_on:
            - php
            - mysql
    mysql:
        image: arm64v8/mariadb:10.6.4
        ports:
            - 4306:3306
        expose:
            - 3306
        environment:
            MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: qwerty
        networks:
            default:
                ipv4_address: 172.12.16.30

networks:
    default:
        name: {PROJECT_NAME}
        driver: bridge
        ipam:
            driver: default
            config:
                -   subnet: 172.12.16.0/24

PHP Dockerfile #

FROM arm64v8/php:8.0-fpm

USER root

# change user and groups ids
RUN usermod --uid=1000 www-data && \
    groupmod --gid=1000 www-data && \
    # fix permissions
    chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/

# enable extensions
RUN echo 'START' && \
    docker-php-ext-install mysqli && \
    docker-php-ext-install bcmath && \
    docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql && \
    docker-php-ext-enable opcache && \
    docker-php-source delete

RUN docker-php-ext-configure pcntl --enable-pcntl
RUN docker-php-ext-install pcntl

RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y libzip-dev && \
    docker-php-ext-install zip && \
    apt-get install -y libxml2-dev && \
    docker-php-ext-install soap && \
    apt-get install -y libicu-dev && \
    docker-php-ext-install intl && \
    apt-get install -y libgmp-dev && \
    docker-php-ext-install gmp && \
    apt-get install -y libcurl4 libcurl4-openssl-dev && \
    docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc) curl && \
    apt-get install -y libpq-dev && \
    docker-php-ext-install pdo_pgsql && \
    apt-get install -y libpng-dev libfreetype6-dev libjpeg62-turbo-dev && \
    docker-php-ext-install gd && \
    rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
    docker-php-source delete

RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y git zip gnupg && \
    rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
    docker-php-source delete

RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y wget && \
    rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
    docker-php-source delete

RUN curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | apt-key add - && \
    echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list  && \
    apt update && apt install -y yarn  && \
    rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
    docker-php-source delete

RUN apt update && apt install -y libxrender1 && apt install -y libfontconfig1 && apt install -y libfontconfig

RUN apt install -y wget fontconfig fontconfig-config xfonts-75dpi xfonts-base

RUN wget https://github.com/wkhtmltopdf/packaging/releases/download/0.12.6-1/wkhtmltox_0.12.6-1.buster_arm64.deb
RUN dpkg -i wkhtmltox_0.12.6-1.buster_arm64.deb

ADD ./includes/install-composer.sh /usr/bin
RUN /usr/bin/install-composer.sh && \
    mv composer.phar /usr/bin/composer

RUN apt-get update && \
    ## zip
    apt-get install -y iputils-ping && \
    ## cleanup
    rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
    docker-php-source delete

USER www-data

MySQL Dockerfile #

FROM arm64v8/mariadb:10.6.4

COPY ./config/my.cnf /etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf

ENV TZ=Europe/Vilnius

Web Dockerfile #

FROM nginx:1.11.0-alpine

COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /
ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entrypoint.sh"]
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

1. 优化文件系统挂载性能 #

• 替换本地目录挂载为Docker卷，避免macOS文件系统的性能瓶颈：将{PATH_TO_PROJECT}:{PATH_TO_PROJECT}替换为命名卷，仅挂载需要实时同步的目录（如src/、templates/）到容器，而非整个项目目录；node_modules直接用卷挂载，避免宿主机与容器间的文件频繁同步：

  volumes:
    - symfony_project:{PATH_TO_PROJECT}
    - symfony_node_modules:{PATH_TO_PROJECT}/node_modules
  

• 启用Docker Desktop的VirtioFS（设置>Features in development>启用VirtioFS），这是针对Apple Silicon优化的文件系统，能大幅提升挂载性能。

2. 优化PHP配置 #

• 调整php.ini中的OPcache参数，提升代码缓存效率：

  opcache.enable=1
  opcache.enable_cli=1
  opcache.memory_consumption=256
  opcache.max_accelerated_files=20000
  opcache.revalidate_freq=60
  opcache.validate_timestamps=0 ; 开发环境可设为1，生产环境设为0
  

• 调整www.conf中的PHP-FPM进程数，匹配M1 Pro的核心数：

  pm = dynamic
  pm.max_children = 16 ; M1 Pro有10核，可设为12-16
  pm.start_servers = 4
  pm.min_spare_servers = 2
  pm.max_spare_servers = 8
  

3. 优化MySQL性能 #

• 修改my.cnf，针对ARM架构和Docker环境调整参数：

  [mysqld]
  innodb_buffer_pool_size=512M ; 根据可用内存调整，M1 Pro至少分配512M
  innodb_log_file_size=128M
  innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2 ; 提升写入性能，生产环境需权衡一致性
  query_cache_type=1
  query_cache_size=64M
  

• 将MySQL数据目录挂载为Docker卷，而非本地目录：

  volumes:
    - mariadb_data:/var/lib/mysql
  

4. 调整Docker设置 #

• 分配足够的资源给Docker Desktop：设置>Resources>Advanced，CPU分配8核以上，内存分配8GB以上，避免资源不足导致卡顿。
• 移除固定IP设置，使用Docker默认网络模式，减少网络开销：删除networks.default.ipv4_address配置。

5. 优化镜像构建 #

• 合并PHP Dockerfile中的apt-get update命令，减少镜像层数，提升构建速度和运行效率：

  RUN apt-get update && \
      apt-get install -y libzip-dev libxml2-dev libicu-dev libgmp-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libpq-dev libpng-dev libfreetype6-dev libjpeg62-turbo-dev git zip gnupg wget libxrender1 libfontconfig1 fontconfig-config xfonts-75dpi xfonts-base iputils-ping && \
      rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*
  

• 使用最新的arm64镜像，比如arm64v8/php:8.0-fpm-bookworm而非旧版本，获得更好的兼容性和性能。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Scorpioniz